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Translation refers to the process of creating functional proteins by reading genetic information from messenger RNAs (mRNA). Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
One of the initial steps in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from DNA genes in the nucleus. Various forms of RNA have been generated in the past utilising appropriate DNA. The RNAs then travel to the cytoplasm from the nucleus. For your NEET preparation, learn and complete some crucial multiple choice questions on Protein Synthesis.
1. This is the finest way to characterise a polysome.
(a) active region for lipid synthesis
(b) active region for protein synthesis
(c) active location for DNA synthesis
(d) each and every one of them
The answer is: (b)
2. In protein synthesis, translocation begins with the migration of the precursor protein.
(a) tRNA from P-site to the A-site
(b) dipeptidyl tRNA from A-site to P-site
(c) tRNA from A-site to P-site
(d) tRNA from P-site to E-site
The answer is: (b)
3. The most accurate description of the process of protein synthesis from genetic code is
(a) transcription
(b) translation
(c) replication
(d) reproduction
The answer is: (b)
4. This statement concerning the nature of genetic code is inaccurate.
(a) universal
(b) overlapping
(c) commaless
(d) triplet
The answer is: (b)
5. Translocase is the name for this elongation factor.
(a) EFG
(b) EF2
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) EF-Tu and EF-Ts
The answer is: (c)
6. This medicine prevents translation from starting.
(a) ricin
(b) tetracycline
(c) streptomycin
(d) cyclohexylamine
The answer is: (c)
7. This is not a necessary component in translation.
(a) amino acid
(b) ligase
(c) mRNA
(d) anticodon
The answer is: (b)
8. This specifies a specific amino acid and the tRNA molecule that corresponds to it.
(a) topoisomerase
(b) rRNA
(c) Ribosome
(d) tRNA synthetase
Answer: (d)
9. Protein synthesis is the process of creating new proteins.
(a) replicating the DNA needed for protein synthesis
b) the synthesis of amino acids from mRNA
c) mRNA synthesis from a DNA template
(d) direct synthesis of amino acids from a DNA template
The answer is: (b)
This is thought to be the start codon.
(a) AGG
(b) UAG
(c) GUG
(d) AUG
The answer is: (d)
10. tRNA possesses peptidyl transferase activity, which converts the messages delivered by mRNA into amino acid sequences.
a) Replication
b) DNA repair
c) Translation
d) Transcription
12. Except for one, the following set of RNA is necessary in the translation process; indicate the INACCURATE?
a) Si RNA
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) tRNA
What is the size of a ribosome in a prokaryote?
a) 80S
b) 70S
c) 40S
d) 60S
13. Which of the following statements about amino acid solubility is correct?
a) Mostly soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents
b) They are only water-soluble
c) They are only soluble in organic solvents
d) Mostly soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: Amino acids are water soluble but insoluble in non-polar organic solvents such as hydrocarbons. This once again reflects the presence of zwitterions. The ionic attractions between the ions in the solid amino acid are replaced by the strong ionic attractions between polar water molecules and the zwitterions in water.
14. The body does not manufacture which of the following important amino acids?
a) Arginine
b) Glutamine
c) Histidine
d) Proline
The answer is: (c)
Explanation: Essential amino acids are not produced by the body. As a result, they must be acquired by food consumption. The nine essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
15. Amino acids are typically produced from which of the following components?
a) Fatty acids
b) 𝜶-ketoglutaric acid
c) Mineral Salts
d) Volatile acids
The answer is: (b)
Ketoglutarates include glutamate, glutamine, proline, and arginine. Most amino acids are made from alpha-ketoacids, which are subsequently transaminated from another amino acid, most often glutamate. The enzyme involved in this process is aminotransferase.
16. The non-polar aliphatic ‘R’ group is found in amino acids.
a) Glycine, alanine, leucine
b) Serine, threonine, cysteine
c) Lysine, arginine, histidine
d) Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: Amino acids have nonpolar or hydrophobic aliphatic R groups. This group of amino acids includes glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and proline. Hydrocarbon R groups are nonpolar and hydrophobic.
17. Aromatic side chains are found in amino acids.
tryptophan, asparagine, tyrosine
tryptophan, threonine, tyrosine
phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine
phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine
The answer is: (d)
Explanation: A side chain is aromatic if it has an aromatic ring system. The formal definition is the number of electrons enclosed within the ring.
18. During catabolism, which of the following amino acids produces Acetyl CoA?
a) Ketogenic
b) Glucogenic
c) Essential
d) None of the above
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: Catabolism of amino acids starts at metabolic entry sites. Acetyl CoA is produced by ketogenic amino acids. Among them are leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and isoleucine.
19. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine
b)Leucine is commonly used as an ingredient in the buffers of the SDS page
c) Aspartate is an essential amino acid
d) Lysine is a non-essential amino acid
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine due to the tyrosine hydroxyl group and the nitrogen of the tryptophan indole ring.
20.Which of these amino acids is a non-essential amino acid?
a) Lysine
b) Threonine
c) Serine
d) Histidine
The answer is: (c)
Non-essential amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.
21. Which of the following amino acids is an important one?
a) Cysteine
b) Asparagine
c) Glutamine
d) Phenylalanine
The answer is: (d)
Explanation: Essential amino acids are not produced by the body. As a result, they must be acquired by food consumption. The nine essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
22.)The distinction between amino acid and imino acid is ten.
a) Bonding of carbonyl group with the amide group
b) Bonding of nitrogen in the amide group
c) Bonding of nitrogen in the carbonyl group
d) Presence of covalent bond between amide and carbonyl group
The answer is: (b)
Explanation: An amino acid and an imino acid are distinguished by the presence of both an amino and a carboxylic group in the same molecule, whereas an imino acid has both an imino and a carboxylic group.
23. What is an example of an imino acid?
a) Alanine
b) Glycine
c) Proline
d) Serine
The answer is: (c)
An imino acid is a molecule that has both imine (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups.
24. In nature, which of the following amino acids is both glucogenic and ketogenic?
a) Leucine
b) Lysine
c) Isoleucine
d) histidine
The answer is: (c)
Explanation: Isoleucine produces both glucose and ketone bodies as an energy source. In the case of glycogenic amino acids, pyruvate metabolites are produced during catabolism, while acetoacetyl CoA is produced in the case of ketogenic amino acids.
25. In the instance of an amino acid that produces acetoacetyl CoA during the catabolism of its carbon skeleton, which of the following is true?
a) It’s glycogenic in nature
b) It’s ketogenic in nature
c) It’s an essential amino acid
d) It can be either glucogenic or ketogenic in nature
The answer is: (b)
Explanation: Pyruvate metabolites are created during glycogenic amino acid catabolism, whereas acetoacyl CoA is synthesised during ketogenic amino acid catabolism.
26. Which of the following coding amino acids appears the fewest often in proteins among the 20 typical proteins?
a) Glycine
b) Alanine
c) Tryptophan
d) Methionine
The answer is: (c)
27. In a polypeptide chain, which of these is the initial amino acid?
a) Serine
b) Valine
c) Alanine
d) Methionine
The answer is: (d)
The amino acid methionine is specified by the codon AUG, also known as the start codon. As a result, methionine is the first amino acid to dock in the ribosome during protein synthesis.
28. Which of the following amino acids contains sulphur?
a) Cysteine and methionine
b) Methionine and threonine
c) Cysteine and threonine
d) Cysteine and serine
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: Methionine is the beginning amino acid in almost all eukaryotic proteins; in prokaryotes, N-formylmethionine serves the similar purpose. Because of its ability to form disulfide bonds, cysteine is vital in protein structure and folding mechanisms.
29. Which of the following amino acids is positively charged?
a) Lysine and arginine
b) Lysine and asparagine
c) Glutamine and arginine
d) Lysine and glutamine
The answer is: (a)
Explanation: A charged side chain is present in five of the twenty most often used amino acids. At pH=7, the acidic side chains of aspartic acid (Asp, D) and glutamic acid (Glu, E) are negatively charged, whereas lysine (Lys, K), arginine (Arg, R), and histidine (His, H) are positively charged (basic side chains).
30. The acidic amino acids are as follows:
a) Arginine and glutamate
b) Aspartate and asparagine
c) Aspartate and lysine
d) Aspartate and glutamate
The answer is: (d)
The two acids in question are aspartic acid, generally known as aspartate (Asp), and glutamic acid, often known as glutamate (Glu). Carboxylic acid groups with pKas low enough to lose protons, leading them to become negatively charged, are found in their side chains.
31.The twenty-first amino acid is
a) Hydroxy lysine
b) Hydroxyproline
c) Selenocysteine
d) citrulline
The answer is: (c)
Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, is a rare amino acid that is cotranslationally incorporated into proteins. Sec. 1 is encoded using UGA codons, which are normally employed as stop signals.
32. Amino acids having hydroxyl groups include the following:
a) Serine and alanine
b) Alanine and Valine
c) Serine and threonine
d) Valine and Isoleucine
The answer is: (c)
Serine and threonine are two amino acids that have aliphatic hydroxyl groups in them (an oxygen atom connected to a hydrogen atom, denoted as OH). When comparing a food protein’s total amino acid profile to a standard, it’s a good indicator of its nutritional value, but it might be misleading if one or more of the essential amino acids are only partially present.
