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Most cells in large multicellular organisms do not directly exchange goods such as nutrients and wastes with the external environment; instead, they are surrounded by an internal environment of extracellular fluid—literally, fluid outside of cells. This extracellular fluid gives oxygen and nutrients to the cells while also discharging waste. Humans and other complex organisms have particular processes that keep the inner environment constant and capable of serving the needs of the cells.
Organs
Cells of sophisticated multicellular animals such as humans are organised into tissues, which are groups of similar cells that collaborate on a specific activity. Organs are structures made up of two or more tissues organised to execute a certain function, whereas organ systems are collections of organs with comparable activity.
Every biological being is made up of one or more cells. Unicellular species, such as amoebas, have only one cell. Multicellular organisms, such as humans, are made up of a large number of cells. Cells are the fundamental building blocks of life.
The structure of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems is closely related to their function at every level of organisation. The cells in the small intestine that absorb nutrients, for example, are quite different from the muscle cells that move the body. The shape of the heart reflects its function of pumping blood throughout the body, whereas the shape of the lungs maximises their ability to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
Organ system
The many systems of the body serve various functions. Your digestive system, for example, is in charge of ingesting and processing food, whereas your respiratory system, in partnership with your circulatory system, is in charge of inhaling oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The muscular and skeletal systems are responsible for movement; the reproductive system is in charge of reproduction; and the excretory system is in charge of eliminating metabolic waste.
Due to their specialised nature, these multiple systems are interdependent. The digestive, muscular, skeletal, reproductive, and excretory systems all require oxygen from the respiratory system to function, and the respiratory system’s cells, like those of the other systems, require nutrients and must expel metabolic wastes. All of the body’s systems work together to keep an organism alive and well.
Every biological being is made up of one or more cells. Unicellular species, such as amoebas, have only one cell. Multicellular organisms, such as humans, are made up of a large number of cells. Cells are the fundamental building blocks of life.
Organ and organ system
An organ is made up of tissues that are linked together in a structural unit to execute a certain function. Organs can be found in all multicellular species, including humans, animals, and plants. An organelle is the functional equivalent of an organ in single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
Although organs are made up of a range of tissue types, many organs are made up of the major tissue associated with the organ’s basic function and additional supporting tissues. It’s possible that the original tissue is unique to that organ. The cardiac muscle, for example, is the heart’s principal tissue, performing the heart’s fundamental duty of pumping blood and being found only in the heart. The heart also possesses nerve and connective components that are required for it to function effectively. The heart’s hammering is controlled by nerve tissues, and heart valves are made up of connective tissues that keep blood flowing in one direction through the heart.
Organs with comparable tasks commonly collaborate to build whole organ systems. Fi In the human organ systems, separate schematics for the male and female reproductive systems are presented. The image displays some of the organs and functions of the organ systems. Each system is addressed in greater detail in the following text.
Fundamental tissues arrange to become organs, which then associate to form organ systems in multicellular organisms. Every organ in our body is made up of one or more types of tissues. Our heart, for example, is made up of all four types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and neurological components. The complexity of organs and organ systems follows a predictable pattern. The term “evolutionary trend” refers to this obvious pattern. Morphology is the study of form or externally visible features. Anatomy is the study of interior organ morphology.
Conclusion
An organ is made up of tissues that are linked together in a structural unit to execute a certain function. Many organs are made up of a major tissue that performs the organ’s primary function as well as supporting tissues. Five organs in the human body are thought to be necessary for survival. The organs affected are the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs. If any of these five organs fails to function, the body will die without medical aid. Organs with comparable tasks commonly collaborate to build whole organ systems. There are 11 major organ systems in the human body. The human body consists of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Only the reproductive systems of males and females differ significantly.
