Micturition Urination process

In the human body, excretion is the process of removing toxic chemicals from the body (primarily nitrogenous wastes).

 It is critical in the maintenance of the body’s homeostatic (steady-state) condition, and the organs that are involved in the production, storage, and elimination of urine are collectively referred to as the ” excretory system” (the urinary system is more appropriate than the excretory system for the removal of nitrogenous wastes product).

Urinating is another term used to describe this procedure. A urinary bladder and a urethra are all parts of the excretory system that humans have.

 They are also known as the kidneys and ureters. Purified urine is excreted out of the kidneys and is carried to the bladder by the ureters, where is stored until it is expelled.

 The process of Micturition is controlled by the nervous system, as well as the muscles of the bladder and urethra, respectively. 

The urinary bladder has the capacity to hold 350-400ml of urine before excreting it.

Working Of Micturition

It is the process of excreting Urine from the human body that is called micturition. For the discharge of urine from the body, both humans and animals have a specialised organ system that is present in both.

 In males, urine is expelled through the urethra (in the penis in males, and directly into the urethra in females) as a result of the relaxation of the sphincter muscles located at the opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra, which occurs as a result of an impulse from the nervous system. 

It can also occur as a result of the relaxation of the detrusor muscles following the voluntary relaxation of the sphincter muscles; this is referred to as Micturition. 

Organizing the urinary system in humans and animals is a complex process that includes the following components: two kidneys (the right and left kidney, which are located on either side of the backbone and protected by the last rib), the ureter, the urinary bladder, the sphincter muscles, and the urethra.

Process of Micturition

Generally speaking, the micturition process can be divided into two stages or phases:

Stage of resting or filling up

The urinary bladder (which serves as the primary storage organ for urine) is a muscular organ with a balloon-like shape and a hollow interior that contains urine.

 It is possible to hold up to 16 ounces of Urine for up to 5 hours in a healthy urinary bladder, and the opening of the urinary bladder is tightly closed by sphincter muscles, which also prevents leakage of Urine from the urinary bladder. 

Additionally, sphincter muscles facilitate the centre of Urine from the urinary bladder into the ureter, which allows the Urine to pass outside the body.

Voiding

During this stage, the urinary bladder as well as the urethra are both impacted by the infection. 

As soon as urine is filled in the urinary bladder, it triggers the muscles and nerves, which in turn stimulates the need for urination, resulting in the brain signalling the urinary bladder to contract, as explained above. 

The responses sent to the central nervous system by nerves in the urinary bladder, which are stimulated by the filling of Urine in the urinary bladder, and the response sent back to the nerves in the urinary bladder by the central nervous system, which signals the incitation of the contraction of the urinary bladder, are both important.

Micturition Problems

Disturbances of the bladder’s storage function as well as disturbances of the bladder’s emptying function are the two types of Micturition disorders that can manifest themselves.

 The most common symptoms of storage function problems are frequent urination, a sense of urgency, and incontinence. 

The Micturition process is affected by many diseases, some of which are caused by physical trauma or another physiological illness. 

Urination problems include difficulty starting urination and bladder impairing, as well as bladder encrypting and inconvenience during urination. 

Here are a few of the diseases that were mentioned:

Detrusor Instability

A disorder in which the detrusor muscles contract without any apparent reason is known as detrusor muscle spasm. The muscles are responsible for the contraction of the urinary bladder and for assisting in the processes of Micturition, which results in the inconvenience of urination.

Urinary Retention

Urinary Retention is a term used to describe the retention of urine.

Urethral obstruction, nerve problems, and weak bladder muscles can all cause this problem, which manifests itself as the inability to urinate completely. Its onset can be sudden or gradual, and the cause can be either of these.

 Spinal Cord Trauma

Spinal cord injuries, particularly those involving the tenth thoracic vertebra, can result in urinary incontinence or overactivity of the bladder, among other symptoms. 

Nervous system disorders include conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions in which the nerve pathways leading to and from the spine and brain are obstructed or damaged. 

In the process of micturition, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in the transmission of nerve signals. 

ACh can be inhibited with the drug atropine, resulting in contraction of the detrusor muscle and retention of urine in the bladder.

Management of the Micturition Problem

The presence of factors in the environment that interfere with micturition should be avoided.

The coordination of the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic nerves, all of which are involved in the Micturition process, is essential for a normal Micturition.

The bladder’s ability to hold urine should remain constant and consistent over the course of the day.

It is important that the sphincters, the detrusor, and the pelvic muscles have normal muscle tone and function.

There should be no obstruction in the urinary bladder or urinary tract in any part of the body.

Conclusion

Micturition, also known as the voiding phase of the bladder, is the process of eliminating waste from the body. It only lasts a short period of time, and as the bladder stretches, the firing rate of the bladder increases, increasing the urge to urinate and, in some cases, Micturition relaxation; as a result, it is sometimes referred to as involuntary Micturition or involuntary urination, respectively.