Mechanism of Circulation

For good health, good circulation of fluids in our body is very important. If there is an obstruction or delay in circulation, it will seriously affect our body. Circulation provides accurate transport of essential nutrients and adequate oxygen in our bodies. There are two circulations in the body: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. The systemic circulation maintains the continuous ceaseless supply of oxygenated blood to all tissues in the body. Lactic acid and carbon dioxide, known metabolic waste products of tissues, are removed by this circulatory process. This transport system will deliver blood and essential nutrients whenever tissue needs blood. The next circulatory system is the pulmonary circulation system. This circulation system helps diffuse the oxygen we take inside by breathing into the bloodstream.

Mechanism of centralisation of blood circulation

From the pulmonary veins, the oxygenated blood flows to the left atrium. The mitral valve(bicuspid) then pumps the blood to the LV (left ventricle). The blood reaches the body’s largest artery, the aorta, through the aortic valve from the left ventricle. Before passing the blood through the diaphragm, the aorta arches into the arteries of the upper body. From the diaphragm, it branches into the lower parts of the body( suprarenal and renal).

The arteries separate into smaller arteries like arterioles, final capillaries and smaller arteries. Within capillaries that flow through the organs and tissues, the exchange of nutrients and gases happens. Now diffusing out of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes occur. Meanwhile, the glucose and oxygen present in the blood will enter the cells and tissues. Systemic circulation plays a vital role in the metabolism of all organs and tissues in the body, except the lungs (parenchyma). Here another circulation happens, which is pulmonary circulation.

The formed deoxygenated blood flows through the capillaries and merges into the venules and veins, finally, the vena cava. After reaching the vena cava, the blood clears out into the right atrium. Before returning to the systemic circulation, the blood will flow to the pulmonary circulation to get oxygenated. The highest blood pressure in the body is experienced in the arterial region of the systemic circulation. Comparing the arterial component blood pressure the, the venous component of the systemic circulation has less blood pressure. But when we compare the pressure regulation of systemic circulation with pulmonary circulation, Systemic circulation has more pressure because systemic circulation has to apply greater force to move a bigger amount of blood throughout the body.

Types of circulation

Before explaining the mechanism of circulation in our body, we have to look at the types of circulation present in our body. Two types of circulations are present in our body, and they are. 

• Pulmonary circulation
• Systemic circulation

Systemic circulation

Systemic circulation comprises the largest circulatory system in our body. This system maintains the continuous supply of oxygenated blood to all tissues in the body. The deoxygenated blood from the tissue is brought back by Systemic circulation. Carrying and supplying nutrients to all cells is another function of the systemic circulation. Through the arteries, from the LV (left ventricle), they carry oxygenated blood states to the capillaries and supply the body tissues. Now, after supplying blood to the capillaries, the deoxygenated blood is returned to the right atrium through the system of veins.

Pulmonary circulation

In this circulation oxygenation, the blood moves from the heart to the lungs and then again flows back to reach the heart to continue the process of the systemic circulation.

Mechanism of circulation

When the blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava(inferior and superior), the blood with less amount of blood leaves systemic circulation. Then the blood is pumped to the RV(right ventricle) through the right atrioventricular valve(tricuspid valve). The blood will be pumped to the pulmonary valve from the RV(right ventricle) to the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery does the splitting of blood into both pulmonary arteries (left and right). The blood flows to each lung after splitting.

After the blood reaches the lungs, the blood will start to flow through the capillary beds. These capillary beds are seen in alveoli. Due to a partial pressure gradient, gas exchange occurs across alveoli. Now through pulmonary veins, the oxygenated blood leaves and returns to the left atrium. This completes a pulmonary circuit. When the pulmonary circuit finishes, the systemic circuit begins.

Functions of circulation

• They are the transport system of our body 
• Get rid of wastes in the tissues
• Oxygen and nutrients carrying ability
• Fighting invading pathogen
• Regulating homeostasis of the body

Conclusion

This article discussed the types of circulation in the body, namely, pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. We also discussed the mechanism of centralization of blood circulation, the means of pulmonary circulation, and the functions of circulations. The systemic circulation system delivers blood and essential nutrients whenever tissue needs blood. The pulmonary circulation system helps diffuse the oxygen we take inside by breathing into the bloodstream.