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An organic molecule that is required in small amounts by an organism for the proper functioning of its metabolism and that is an essential micronutrient for the organism is referred to as a Vitamin. Vitamins are organic molecules that are essential micronutrients for the proper functioning of an organism. Because it cannot be synthesised in large quantities in the body, it must be obtained through diet in sufficient quantities. Some species, but not all, are capable of producing Vitamin C. There are 13 different types of vitamins known, including: vitamin A (retinol), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferol), vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols), and vitamin K. (quinones).
1. Acute vitamin poisoning, also known as short-term vitamin poisoning, is caused by
(a)Eating the liver of a polar bear.
(b)Eating the liver of the Buffalo.
(c)Eating the liver of the ostrich.
(d)Eating the liver of mule deer
Answer:(a)
Explanation:Polar bears are apex carnivores that bioaccumulate vitamin A from lower-level marine algae in the food web, which is produced by higher-level marine algae. The fact that vitamin A is not water-soluble means that it is unable to be flushed from the body and is instead stored in the liver. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin A in humans is 0.9mg, which can be obtained by consuming one-tenth of a gramme of well-fed polar bear liver (about one gramme). Approximately 52 people could be killed by the amount of vitamin A present in the entire liver.
2. Which of the following is the most important nutrient for a woman during her initial stages of pregnancy in order to prevent birth defects?
(a) Thiamin.
b) Vitamin.
(c) Folic acid.
(d) Vitamin.
Answer:(c)
Explanation:Folic acid is a vitamin that can be found in a variety of foods, as well as multivitamin supplements, and is essential for pregnancy and lactation. It is especially important for women who are planning a pregnancy to take folic acid because it has been shown to reduce the risk of birth defects.
3. Which of the following foods contains the highest concentrations of vitamin C?
(a) Parsley.
(b) Broccoli.
c) Orange juice.
(d) Black currants.
Answer:(d)
Explanation:Blackcurrant is known by the botanical name Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant berry). Blackcurrants contain more than three times the amount of vitamin C found in an orange, making them a particularly nutritious fruit.
4. Which of the following vitamins is important in the process of blood clotting?
(a)Vitamin K.
b) Vitamin C.
(c) Vitamin D.
(d) Vitamin A.
Answer:(a)
Explanation:It has been shown that vitamin K is involved in the modification of several blood clotting components after they have been translated. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for the proper coagulation of blood and the synthesis of protein.
5.Which one of the following is the most common cause of blindness in children all over the world?
(a) Glaucoma.
(b) Vitamin A.
(c) Color blindness.
(d) Cataracts.
Answer:(b)
Explanation:Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of preventable blindness in children under the age of five. Dietary intake of vitamin A is necessary for a variety of functions in human eyes, including the nourishment and protection of the cornea, a clear covering that protects the front of the eye and serves as its front lens. The cornea is susceptible to injury and scarring, both of which can result in permanent vision loss.
6.It is caused by a lack of-the following nutrients:
(a) Vitamin B12.
(b) Vitamin B2.
(c)Vitamin B6.
(d) Vitamin B1.
Answer:(d)
Example:Beri-Beri is a condition caused by a lack of thiamine (Vitamin B1). In most cases, it can be found in areas where polished rice is a staple part of the diet.
7.Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) is a condition that affects people of all ages.
(a) A pregnant woman.
(b) A malnourished child.
(c) A person with the eating disorder anorexia nervosa.
(d) A long-time alcoholic.
Answer:(d)
Explanation:Individuals who eat grains but not fruit, as well as socially isolated people, inmates, and alcoholics who eat a poor diet, as well as people who have inflammatory bowel disease, are at risk of developing Scurvy, according to the National Scurvy Association. Because breast milk contains vitamin C, scurvy can develop in newborns whose mothers are deficient in vitamin C.
8. Which of the following vitamins has the ability to act as both a visual pigment and a hormone at the same time?
(a) Thiamine.
(b) Folic acid.
(c) Riboflavin.
(d) Retinal.
Answer:(d)
Explanation:Vitamin A, also known as retinol, is an isoprenoid alcohol that is essential for the development of vision, reproduction, and the maintenance of epithelial tissue. Vitamin A is also essential for the maintenance of epithelial tissue.
9.Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by a deficiency in which of the following vitamins or minerals?
(a) Pyridoxine.
(b) Niacin.
(c) Folic acid.
(d) Cobalamin.
Answer:(c)
10. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
(a)Vitamin B.
(b) Vitamin K.
(c) Vitamin B12.
(d) Vitamin C.
Answer:(b)
11.Deficiency of niacin is caused due to the deficiency of
(a)Scurvy
(b) Rickets.
(c)pernicious anaemia
(d) Pellagra.
Answer:(d)
Explanation:Skin and central nervous system disorders caused by a niacin deficiency include pellagra and nephrotic syndrome. Among the symptoms were dementia, dermatitis, and diarrhoea, among others.
12. Which of the following is a vitamin that acts as a hormone precursor?
(a)Vitamin A.
(b) Vitamin C.
(c)Vitamin K.
(d) Vitamin D.
Answer:(d)
Explanation:Vitamin D is a precursor to the production of hormones. The ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight damages 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is then converted in the skin to cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3). In the bloodstream, vitamin D3 is absorbed and transported to organs such as the liver and kidneys, where it is converted to calcitriol with the assistance of an enzyme (a steroid hormone).
13. Coenzyme A is made up of several different components.
(a)Retinol.
(b)Pyridoxine.
(c)Pantothenic acid.
(d)Retinoic acid.
Answer:(c)
Explanation:Known as coenzyme A, it is composed of pantothenic acid, adenosine 3-phosphate 5-pyrophosphate, and cysteamine, and it is involved in the transfer of acyl groups, particularly in transacetylation, during the metabolism of fatty acids.
