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Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the cell nucleus and is divided into three stages which are initiation, elongation, and the termination.
In eukaryotes, transcription factors first must bind to the promoter area before assisting in the recruitment of the proper polymerase.
The polymerase essential for mRNA transcription is RNA Polymerase II.
RNA Polymerase II stops transcription at random points after the gene has finished being transcribed. Before transcription ends, the newly generated RNA is cleaved at a sequence-specific place and released.
Q1. The enzyme needed for the transcription is
a) RNAse
b) Restriction Enzymes
c) RNA Polymerase
d) DNA Polymerase
Answer. RNA Polymerase is the right answer. To create RNA, the RNA polymerase enzyme binds ribonucleotides primer strand to the template DNA strand’s base sequence.
Transcription is the process of making RNA from a DNA template strand. Restriction enzymes recognise certain sequences in DNA, usually 4-6 bp, and divide it into fragments by breaking phosphodiester bond between two consecutive nucleotides. Option A is wrong since transcription does not require breaking the phosphodiester links in the DNA molecule. RNase is a collection of enzymes which break or digest RNA molecules, so Option B is incorrect.
Option D is erroneous because the DNA polymerase enzyme combines deoxyribonucleotides to synthesize DNA following the base sequence of the parental DNA strand during DNA replication.
Q2. Transcription is the process of transferring genetic information from
a) DNA to RNA.
b) mRNA to tRNA.
c) DNA to mRNA.
d) None of these.
Answer. DNA to mRNA is the right answer.
Transcription is a process by which the genetic code encoded on DNA is transferred to mRNA molecule. When a certain protein is required, the molecule of mRNA is produced. The information in a gene, which is a specific area of DNA, is transferred to a single-stranded RNA molecule. In RNA, the thymine in the DNA is replaced with uracil. The enzyme RNA polymerase aids in the reading of template strand and the creation of the mRNA molecule.
Q3. Sigma factor is the part of the
a) DNA Ligase
b) RNA Polymerase
c) DNA Polymerase
d) Endonuclease
Answer. RNA Polymerase is the right answer.
RNA polymerase contains the Sigma factor. Sigma functions as an initiation factor, binding to DNA – dependent RNA polymerase and altering its specificity so that the RNA polymerase can start the transcription process.
Q4. The primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to
a) Proofreading.
b) Inhibits Protein Synthesis.
c) Identify the amino acid and transport it to the Ribosomes.
d) All the above
Answer. Identifying the Amino Acid and transports it to the Ribosomes is the correct answer.
The tRNA molecules, which are mainly composed of 75 to 80 nucleotides, are the tiniest. The transfer RNA identifies the codons of mRNA and has a strong affinity for 21 activated amino acids, which it combines with and transports to the protein synthesis site. The CCA base sequence, which is the location for the binding of activated amino acids, is found at 3I end of polynucleotide chain.
Q5. One end of tRNA matches genetic code in 3-nucleotide sequences is termed as
a) Codon
b) Blunt Ends
c) Genetic Code
d) Anticodon
Answer. Anticodon is the right answer.
The anticodon is a three-base sequence in a tRNA molecule that selectively binds to the complementary codon sequence in mRNA. The job of tRNA is to designate which sequence from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid, and the specific nucleotide sequence of an mRNA determines which amino acids are integrated into the product of protein of the gene through which the mRNA is produced. In a three-nucleotide sequence known as anticodon, one end of tRNA matches the genetic code. During protein production, the anticodon forms 3 base pairs including a codon in mRNA.
Q6. Longest primary transcript is created by the
a) Tintin Gene.
b) Dystrophin Gene.
c) Centromere Protein A.
d) None of these.
Answer. Dystrophin Gene is the right answer.
Primary transcripts are the RNA molecules created by DNA transcription prior to splicing or polyadenylation. It has both exons and introns, with the introns being deleted during the splicing process. Dystrophin Gene creates the longest primary transcript.
Q7. A DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase which creates complementary antiparallel RNA strand is regarded as
a) Secondary Transcript
b) Tertiary Transcript
c) Hexa Transcript
d) Primary Transcript
Answer. Primary Transcript is the right answer.
An RNA polymerase reads a DNA sequence during transcription and creates a corresponding, antiparallel RNA strand termed a primary transcript.
Q8. Which of the following subunits of the RNA polymerase is completely needed to initiate transcription?
a) Alpha ()
b) Omega ()
c) Sigma ()
d) Beta ()
Answer. Sigma () is the right answer.
Sigma () is completely needed to initiate transcription, which is a subunit of the RNA.
Q9. In both the Eukaryotic cell and Prokaryotic cell, the synthesis of protein chains is started with the
a) Arginine
b) Serina
c) Methionine
d) Valine
Answer. Methionine is the correct answer to this question.
Methionine is a sulphur-containing amino acid. Amino acid is the building blocks for protein production in our bodies. Fish, Meat, and dairy items all contain methionine. It plays a crucial role in the body’s numerous functions. Methionine is needed for the synthesis of protein chains.
Q10. In eukaryotes, transcription begins only when
a) RNA Strand is available.
b) Core Promoter Sequence is available or present.
c) RNA Polymerase is available.
d) None of the above.
Answer. Core Promoter Sequence is available or present is the correct answer.
Transcription is initiated in eukaryotes when the core Promoter Sequence is available or present.
In Eukaryotes, the transcription process is started by RNA Polymerase II. The goal is to figure out how these conserved promoter regions are utilised in the HBB human.
