MCQ on Glycocalyx

The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of a cell. The cell is separated from the environment by this structure, which is a thin layer. Some cells survive in situations that are more difficult to live in, such as those with physical stress on the surface. Outside of their membrane, these cells require some additional padding. This is when glycocalyx enters the picture.

The glycocalyx is the plasma membrane’s thick outer layer. It is made up of sugar and protein strands that are bonded together. The end result is a thick, sticky covering that helps cells stay put in high-stress settings.

Several carbohydrate moieties of membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins act as backbone molecules for support in this viscous covering. The carbohydrate part of glycolipids located on plasma membrane surfaces helps these molecules contribute to cell–cell identification, communication, and intercellular adhesion in general.

Question

Q.1. Generally Prokaryotic Cell has absence of

1. Glycocalyx

2. Plasma membrane

3. Ribosome

4. Nuclear envelope

Answer: The Correct Answer is Nuclear Envelope. A prokaryotic cell is one that lacks a well-defined cellular structure. The nucleus is not membrane-bound, and the genetic material is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. A prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell, lacks membrane-bound organelles.

Q.2. Cell Wall is Not Present in

1. Plants

2. Prokaryotes

3. Algae

4. None of the above

Answer: The Correct Answer is ‘none of the above’. Cellulose is typically found in plant cells and makes up the cell wall. It supplies the cell with a structural framework as well as strength and rigidity. Because Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall around its plasma membrane, it is resistant to popular antibiotics that target cell wall formation, such as penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics.

The basal germinal epithelium lines the haploid cells that make up gametes. The plasma membrane is the first layer of an animal cell since it lacks a cell wall.

Q.3. In a Bacterial Cell the Sticky Feature is due to

1. Cell wall

2. Nuclear membrane

3. Plasma membrane

4. Glycocalyx

Answer: The Correct Answer is Glycocalyx. The outer layer of a bacterial cell’s protoplasm is called the cell envelope.

Glycocalyx, cell wall, and cell membrane are the three components. Glycocalyx can take the shape of a loose sheath or a capsule, which is a thick, tough mucilage coating. The capsule is responsible for the cell’s gummy and sticky appearance.

Q.4. The Cell Membrane of Bacteria is made up of

1. Fats

2. Proteins and Phospholipids

3. Both 1and 2

4. None of the above

Answer: The Correct Answer is Proteins and Phospholipids. Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms. The cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall. Proteins and phospholipids make up the bacterial cell membrane. The proteins in the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer are dispersed at random.

Q.5. Generally Glycocalyx is made up of

1. Polysaccharide

2. Cellulose

3. Peptidoglycan

4. None of the Above

Answer: The Correct answer is Polysaccharide. 

Q.6. What is Glycocalyx?

1. Oligosaccharide part of Glycolipids and Glycoproteins

2. Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

3. Mucopolysaccharides attached to cell wall

4. None of These

Answer: The Correct Answer is Oligosaccharide part of Glycolipids and Glycoproteins. The pericellular matrix, also known as glycocalyx, is a carbohydrate-rich covering of glycoprotein and glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of a few bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells.

It is primarily used to recognize cells (differentiate between healthy and sick cells), as well as to control endothelial vascular tissues.

Q.7. The Envelope of Prokaryotic Cell is Made up of

1. Plasma membrane

2. Glycocalyx

3. Cell wall

4. All of the above

Answer: The Correct answer is All of the Above. The cell envelope is made up of the cell membrane, cell wall, and, if present, an outer membrane. This envelope is usually seen in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It is made up of a bacterium’s inner cell wall and cell wall.

The cell envelope protects the cell’s structural integrity. It protects prokaryotes against internal turgor pressure, which is induced by a high concentration of macromolecules within the cell.

Q.8. The Cellular Structure interconnecting animal Cells is

1. Plasmodesmata

2. Cell wall

3. Desmosomes

4. Plasma membrane

Answer:  The Correct answer is Desmosomes. A desmosome, also known as the macula adhaerens, is a specialized cellular structure that aids in cell-to-cell attachment.

It’s made up of protein plaques that are found on cell membranes and are connected by filaments. They’re found in animal cells, and they operate as welds, connecting neighboring epithelial cells.

Q.9. In the Fungal Cell Wall the major Component is 

1. Hemicellulose

2. Cellulose

3. Chitin

4. Peptidoglycan

Answer: The Correct Answer is Chitin. Chitin, glucans, and glycoproteins are major components of the fungal cell wall. The structural component of the fungal cell wall is chitin.

Q.10. The Chain of Ribosome is Known as 

1. Multi ribosome

2. Polyribosome

3. Periplasm

4. Nucleoid

Answer: The Correct Answer is Polyribosome. 

Q.11. A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is called

1. Polymer

2. Polysome

3. Okazaki Fragment

4. Polypeptide

Answer: the Correct Option is Polysome. Polysomes are large clusters of 10 to 100 ribosomes that are actively translating protein production. A polysome’s ribosomes are linked by a single molecule of mRNA that is translated by multiple closely spaced ribosomes at the same time.

Polymers are big molecules made up of a lot of monomer units. A polypeptide is a long linear polymer of amino acids joined by peptide linkage. Okazaki fragments are tiny nucleic acid fragments generated during DNA replication by the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand, which are eventually linked together by the DNA ligase enzyme.

Q.12. Where does the Digestive Enzyme are present?

1. Mitochondria

2. Liposomes

3. Ribosome

4. Lysosomes

Answer: The Correct Answer is Lysosomes. Lysosomes are cytoplasmic organelles that contain enzymes wrapped in a membrane. Hydrolytic enzymes are present, which can break down biomolecules.