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Viruses are submicroscopic organisms that exist in nature. These infectious vehicles have the potential to replicate solely within the live cells of an entity and are therefore not contagious. Bacteria can infect a wide range of organisms, including microbes, plants, animals, and even people. When a virus is not within an infected cell, it exists as virions, which are independent particles that contain general material, a capsid, and an envelope of lipids. Viruses are capable of causing a wide range of devastating diseases.
- A virus’s non-living property is referred to as
(a) The ability to reproduce only within the host’s body
(b) the ability to go through mutation
(c) the ability to solidify or crystallise
(d) the ability to inflict sickness upon the host
Answer: (c)
Viruses are also capable of crystallisation, which is something that no other living organism can do. It is because of these qualities that viruses are considered as existing in the grey area – between the living and non-living worlds.
- This virus possesses both DNA and RNA sequences.
(a) The poliovirus.
(b) Herpes simplex virus
(c) Cyanophage is a kind of bacteria.
(d) Leuko Virus
Answer: (d)
In addition to being a retrovirus, the leuko virus is also known as an RNA-DNA virus. The reverse transcriptase enzyme is present in this virus. This enzyme constructs DNA from the RNA genome. The term for this phenomenon is reverse transcription, often known as teminism.
- The poliovirus multiplies in the part of the body known as the
(a) Muscle cells
(b) Nerve cells
(c) Intestinal cells
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c)
Once viral reproduction has been established on the mucosal surfaces of the nasopharynx, the poliovirus can multiply in specialised cells in the intestines and enter the bloodstream, where it can then move throughout the body, including the central nervous system, along nerve fibres.
- Interferons stop the infection from spreading.
(a) Fungi
(b) Bacteria
(c) Cancer
(d) None of these
Answer: (d) In response to stimulation by a virus or other foreign substance, cells release interferon, which does not directly interfere with the virus’s ability to reproduce. As an alternative, it induces the production of proteins by the infected cells and those surrounding, which inhibit the virus from multiplying within them.
- This virus was created in the form of non-living crystals for the first time, marking a significant milestone in science.
(a) The smallpox virus
(b) Influenza virus
(c) Tobacco mosaic virus
(d) Bacteriophage
Answer: (c)
A virus called the tobacco mosaic virus was the first one to be crystallised. In 1935, Wendell Meredith Stanley demonstrated that TMV stays active even after crystallisation, a feat that had previously been thought impossible.
- Causative of Chickenpox is
(a) Bacteriophage T-2
(b) Varicella virus
(c) SV-40 virus
(d) Adenovirus
Answer: (b)
Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease that affects the entire body. Virus varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is responsible for the outbreak, which is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpesvirus family. Following the first infection, VZV remains in the body (in the sensory nerve ganglia) as a latent infection for several months. Varicella is caused by primary infection with the VZV virus.
- Tetanus germs produce a toxin. It affects
(a) jawbones
(b) involuntary muscles
(c) voluntary muscles
(d) muscles that are both voluntary and involuntary
Answer: (c)
The bacteria usually enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound, after being introduced from the soil. In addition to producing toxins, they also damage voluntary muscles, causing them to contract abnormally resulting in muscular spasms (muscle spasticity). As a result, the right response is ‘Voluntary muscles.’
- This is a viral sickness that has spread throughout the world.
(a) Rickets
- c) The measles
(c) Beri-beri
(d) Syphilis
Answer: (b)
Measles is an infectious disease that is extremely contagious and caused by the measles virus. After being exposed to an infected person for 10–12 days, the symptoms usually appear and remain for 7–10 days. Initial symptoms often include a high fever (frequently greater than 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), coughing, runny nose, and red, watery eyes.
- This is a contagious disease.
(a) Rabies
(b) Cancer
(c) Alkaptonuria
(d) Phenylketonuria
Answer: (a)
Symptoms of the infection might cause the infected person to fall into a coma and later die if not treated within a few days. The paralytic form of rabies is normally less dangerous, although it might linger for a longer period of time. It is this strain of rabies that produces muscle weakness and, in severe cases, paralysis. Respiratory failure is frequently the cause of death in this situation.
- Hydrophobia, often known as rabies, is a disease that is caused by
(a) Protozoan
(b) Nematode
(c) Virus
(d) Helminth
Answer: (c)
Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, which include the rabies virus and the Australian bat lyssavirus, which are both found in Australia. Humans and other animals are exposed to the virus when an infected animal bites or scratches them.
- What is the name of the virus that is transferred to humans by the bite of infected animals, birds, and insects?
(A). Rabies Virus
(B). Ebola Virus
(C). Flavivirus
(D). All the above
Answer. D
Zoonoses are the term used to describe the transmission of a virus to people through the bite of infected animals, birds, and insects. For instance, the rabies virus. Alphaviruses, Flaviviruses, Ebolaviruses, and so on.
- Identify which of the following statements concerning viruses is correct.
- Viruses do not contain a ribosome.
- Viruses can make protein.
- Viruses can be categorised by their shapes.
- Both A and C are correct
Answer. D
Because viruses do not include ribosomes, they are unable to produce proteins. It is for this reason that they are reliant on their host. Viruses come in a variety of forms and sizes, and they can be classified according to their shapes.
