MCQ on Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases

Diabetes, also known as Diabetes Mellitus, is a group of metabolic illnesses characterised by abnormally high levels of blood sugar over an extended period of time. Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that affects the metabolism. Cardiovascular illnesses are diseases or disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is a medical condition that arises when plaque begins to build up in the walls of the arteries, and numerous of these diseases are linked to the phenomenon of atherosclerosis.

1. Probable cause of Erythroblastosis fetalis can be

(a) Bleeding

(b) Haemophilia

(c) Adjoining of RBC

(d) Diapedesis

Answer: (c)

It is also known as a hemolytic illness of the newborn. Erythroblastosis fetalis is a kind of anaemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of a foetus are destroyed as a result of a maternal immunological reaction caused by the incompatibility of the foetus’ blood group with that of the mother.

2. This can help in the diagnosis of the genetic basis of a disorder

(a) PCR

(b) ELISA

(c) ABO blood group

(d) NMR

Answer: (a)

Testing for infectious diseases and genetic changes using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a quick and highly accurate method of diagnosing specific infections and genetic mutations. When a pathogen (disease-causing organism) or aberrant cells are detected in a sample, the tests are said to have worked well.

3. This measure does not help to prevent diabetes complications

(a) controlling blood lipids and blood pressure

(b) Prompt detection of diabetic eye and kidney disease

(c) Eliminating all carbohydrates from the diet

(d) controlling blood glucose

Answer: (c)

There is no evidence to suggest that removing all sugar from one’s diet is beneficial to persons who have diabetes. For diabetics, it is even more critical to regulate and restrict their total carbohydrate intake in order to keep their blood glucose levels within acceptable ranges.

4. The diseases as a result of prolonged clotting are due to a lack of plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) necessary for the formation of thromboplastin, which is

(a) Haemophilia

(b) Hypoprothrombinemia

(c) Christmas disease

(d) Stuart disease

Answer: (c) 

In some circles, haemophilia B is referred to as “Christmas illness.” Stephen Christmas, the first individual to be diagnosed with the illness in 1952, is credited with giving it its name. It is the second most prevalent kind of haemophilia and affects approximately 4,000 people in the United States. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 25,000 male births and affects approximately 4,000 people in the United States.

5. This diabetes drug acts by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver

(a) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

(b) Sulfonylureas

(c) Biguanides

(d) Meglitinides

Answer: (c)

In the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other disorders, biguanides are a class of drugs known as antidiabetics. They function by lowering the synthesis of glucose that happens during the digestive process. Metformin is the only biguanide that is currently available for the treatment of diabetes in the majority of nations.

6. Presence of RBC in urine is known as

(a) Proteinuria

(b) Hematuria

(c) Urolithiasis

(d) Nephritis

Answer: (b) 

Hematuria is the presence of blood in a person’s urine. It is a medical condition. hematuria can be classified into two types: Gross hematuria is a condition in which a person can see blood in his or her urine. When a person cannot see the blood in his or her urine, but it can be seen under a microscope, this is referred to as microscopic hematuria.

7. The disease is characterised by extreme muscle weakness and brownish pigmentation of the buccal cavity and skin is

(a) Grave’s disease

(b) Myxoedema

(c) Addison’s disease

(d) Cushing’s disease

Answer: (c) 

Addison’s disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a rare ailment that develops when your body is unable to generate enough of certain hormones, such as cortisol and oestrogen. Addison’s disease occurs when your adrenal glands, which are positioned directly above your kidneys, produce insufficient amounts of cortisol and, in certain cases, insufficient amounts of aldosterone.

8. This statement regarding Angina is true

(a) blood flow is unaffected

(b) most common in children

(c) inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscles

(d) heart stops beating

Answer: (c) 

Angina is a condition characterised by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. The oxygen carried by the blood is essential for the survival of the heart muscle. Ischemia is a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen to function properly. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of decreased blood flow to the heart muscle (CAD).

9. Pick the wrongly matched pair

(a) heart failure – not enough blood supply to the body

(b) angina pectoris – acute chest pain

(c) cardiac arrest – narrowing of lumen

(d) heart attack – not enough blood supply to cardiac muscles

Answer: (c) 

Narrowing of lumen: Because of the presence of scar tissue in the intestine, the lumen may become restricted or obstructed, resulting in digestive discomfort (blocked). A stricture is a term used to describe the narrowed portion of the lumen. The waste material is unable to flow through the lumen easily, resulting in discomfort, bowel blockages, and other difficulties.

10. This disease is not related to the circulatory system

(a) Diabetes mellitus

(b) Hypertension

(c) Diphtheria

(d) Coronary thrombosis

Answer: (c)

Diphtheria is a dangerous infection caused by bacteria types known as Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which produce a toxin that causes the infection (poison). Toxins are responsible for people being extremely ill in some cases, including death. Droplets from coughing or sneezing carry the diphtheria germs from person to person, which is how it spreads most commonly between people.