ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

The term “environment” refers to all the factors that influence and affect the growth and sustainability of all species on the planet. It is the immediate environment in which living beings exist and function.Ecology is the study of organisms’ interactions with their physical and biological surroundings.Organisms and their environment are inextricably linked and dependent on one another. Any alteration to the environment has an impact on living beings and vice versa.Ecology’s structural and functional unit is the ecosystem. It is a community of living creatures and abiotic components that interact via energy fluxes and nutrition cycles.

Ecology & Ecosystems

The term “Ecology” is derived from two Greek words: ‘oikos,’ which means “home,” and ‘logos,’ which means “study,” which combine to form the phrase. Ernest Haeckel is credited with inventing the term. ‘The study of the structure and function of nature’, according to the eminent ecologist Eugene Pleasants Odum, is what ecology is. Ecology is a discipline of biology that deals with In biology, the study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment is known as ecology.. To put it another way, ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their physical environment. Organizations and their physical environment, two components of ecology, are interconnected and mutually reliant upon one another. These components work together to form a system that is well-organized. Organisms impact and modify the environment, and the environment influences and modifies the organisms. Organisms also influence and modify the environment. Different ecosystems are produced as a result of this process.

Take, for example, a school, which is organised and divided into many levels of organisation. Classification of pupils and teachers is done on the basis of various factors, which are listed below. These classes, on the other hand, are set up in the school environment. Only a few local schools are structured under the supervision of a central administration. A small number of district schools are organised under the supervision of a city administration, and so on. In a similar vein, ecosystems are likewise arranged on a multi-level structure. Ecology is comprised of the levels of biological organisation shown below:

At the species level, a species is a group of individuals who are genetically linked to one another and have the same characteristics. They are capable of interbreeding in order to create fruitful offspring.

Species-level populations: A population is a group of creatures that all belong to the same species. Populations that dwell in the same place and interact with one another are known as coexistence.

At the community level, a community is a collection of populations of different species that live in a specific area. Various populations within a community communicate with one another.An ecosystem is made up of all of the communities in a given area. An ecosystem is made up of all of the biotic and abiotic components that exist in a certain location.

Biological sphere: The biological sphere is the restricted zone on Earth where life can be found. It is the Biosphere, which encompasses all about life on Earth. People, animals, plants, and microorganisms all live and interact in the same environment, which is known as the biosphere.

NEPAL AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURAL HISTORY ECOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT OF THE HIMALAYAS 

The Himalayas hold a unique place in the world’s history, not only because they contain the planet’s highest peaks, but also because of their deep influence on global weather systems, their culture, and their extraordinary biodiversity, among other reasons. According to this book, Nepal is located in the heart of the Himalayan range and is the subject of this work, which provides a definitive overview of this country. Besides serving as a companion volume to the Flora of Nepal, the Himalayas have also been the setting for some of the most heated arguments on environmental and development issues in recent decades. “The theory of environmental degradation,” which was popular throughout Europe and Asia in the 1970s and 1980s, asserted that environmental collapse in the Himalayas was imminent, due to pressures on natural resources caused by a rapidly growing and increasingly poor population, which was causing forest degradation, massive erosion, and consequent flooding in the Ganges and Brahmaputra lowlands. While subsequent research has provided a more balanced assessment of the relationships between human activity and change dynamics, a lack of understanding of complex mountainous dynamics has influenced the development policy agenda for many years, highlighting the importance of developing a true scientific understanding of these fragile environments in order to achieve long-term sustainability.

Environment: 

Environment is defined as the sum total of all biotic and abiotic variables that influence an organism during its life and reproduction.

 Mainly there are following two sorts of habitats:-

Abiotic environment: Abiotic environment: It is also known as a physical or natural environment. The non-living natural surroundings like air, water, land are the part of the physical environment.Climatic elements like sunshine, rains, precipitation, moisture, humidity, pressure etc. are also abiotic factors.

Biotic environment: This type of environment is often referred to as a biological or organic environment.. This environment is responsible for the growth, reproduction and preservation of the living organisms. Biological environment largely involves living on part of the earth.

CONCLUSION:

From the following article we can conclude that The term “environment” refers to all the factors that influence and affect the growth and sustainability of all species on the planet. It is the immediate environment in which living beings exist and function.Ecology is the study of organisms’ interactions with their physical and biological surroundings.Organisms and their environment are inextricably linked and dependent on one another.