Double circulation definition

A circulatory system in which blood circulates twice via the heart is referred to as a double circulation system. In this type of circulation, the pulmonary circulation is separated from the systemic circulation by a membrane. This circulation requires the separation of the heart’s right and left sides: the right side pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary component of the circulation, whereas the left side pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation. When it comes to both mammals and birds, this is a common occurrence. Animals having only one circulatory system, like fish, on the other hand, have a two-chambered hearing system. We, like the majority of mammals including humans, have a twofold circulatory system, which means that we have two loops in our body where the blood circulates around it. 

Two-way circulation refers to the movement of blood throughout the entire body, and it includes the flow of- 

1. oxygenated-Oxygen-rich

2. deoxygenated: Insufficient oxygen 

Circulatory System

The circulatory system is made up of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body. In order to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the entire body, the circulatory system must be functioning properly. Among its responsibilities are the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, the elimination of carbon dioxide and waste materials, the maintenance of an optimal pH, and the movement of immune system components, proteins, and cells, to name a few. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood arteries, blood, lymph, and lymph vessels, all of which are components of the body. In this regard, it is crucial to highlight that the circulatory system is frequently conceptualised as the vascular network that connects the heart, which is the primary cardiac organ. Despite the fact that the vascular network immediately associated with the heart is technically composed exclusively of blood and blood vessels, the terms circulatory and cardiovascular are frequently used interchangeably.

The Double Circulation Mechanism

When it comes to circulation, double circulation is the most efficient method. The four-chambered heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries all play important roles in this process, which occurs in humans. Blood is pumped out of the body by the heart. This blood is distributed to other organs, and then it returns to the heart to circulate again. All of this takes place in a very organised manner through the various arteries and veins that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively.

Double circulation is characterised by the presence of two channels via which blood can flow. They are as follows:

• Pulmonary pathway

• Systemic pathway

The pulmonary circulation, also known as the pulmonary route, is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The lungs are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the blood has now been oxygenated (with oxygen).

The systemic circulation is the movement of oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the other parts of the body through the body. The interchange of gases, nutrients, and waste happens at numerous organ sites as a result of the action of lymph. This deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart for re-oxygenation.

Working together, the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit are effective. This guarantees that deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, while oxygenated blood is directed to the various organs and tissues through the aorta and carotid arteries. The arteries and veins form a vast network that runs throughout the body, transporting both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood at the same time. Capillaries connect the tiniest of these arteries and veins to one another, allowing them to communicate with one another.

At the end of the arterial branch, capillaries allow components such as water, glucose, oxygen, and amino acids to permeate out of the body. Capillaries are also responsible for transporting waste and carbon dioxide to organs that can eliminate them. As a result, waste materials reach the capillaries near the venous ends of the vessels. Water diffuses in and out of capillaries in order to maintain the blood volume in the body.

The process of capillary exchange allows oxygen to leave red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream and enter all of the other cells throughout the body. Aside from this, nutrients can diffuse out of the bloodstream and into other cells. During this process, the waste items that enter the capillaries are expelled by the other cells. Carbon dioxide also diffuses out of the cells and enters the capillaries at the venous end, where it is used for respiration. 

These capillary venous endings are connected to the smaller veins and venules, which connect to the larger veins through which they pass. The blood in these veins has now become deoxygenated. Blood enters the right atrial chamber of the heart by the main vein, which is known as the vena cava. It is from this chamber that the pulmonary circulation begins.

Conclusion

Human beings have double circulation, which allows for the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the body. It contributes to the maintenance of high blood pressure, which is required for critical processes. It allows pure blood to reach the various tissues and organs of the body, including the kidneys, liver, and other organs. Both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept apart by double circulation, which helps to maintain a strong separation between the two. As a result, this circulation guarantees that the body has a consistent supply of oxygen at all times, while also increasing the efficiency of the body. This is also one of the reasons why mammals are able to keep their internal body temperatures constant.