Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System

Introduction

Locomotion and movement are the primary functions of the human body. We can move from one place to another or even move our arms, legs, fingers, toes, etc. This is done with an extensive system of muscles and bones. These systems of the human body are called the Muscular and Skeletal systems, respectively. Ligaments join bone to another bone and tendons that join bone to a muscle.

Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System

The muscular and skeletal system comprises 600 muscles and 206 bones, including tendons, ligaments, tissues, and blood vessels in our body. The muscular and skeletal systems are interdependent. Muscular System system is a system that provides the human body with movement, shape, stability to support locomotion.You must have often heard older people complain about pain that they have in their joints. This can happen due to various reasons but usually pertain to being overweight, light or heavy weight lifting, hard exercises and the most common of them all ageing. It can be broadly categorised into the two systems and the related disorders of the muscular and skeletal system definitions are as follows:

•     Muscular System disorders

The diseases that pertain to all types of muscles in the body include the skeletal muscles, which in particular are the ones attached to the joints in our body, for example, the knees.

•     Skeletal System disorders

The diseases that are related to the basic components of the skeletal system , bones. These diseases are called disorders of the skeletal system.

Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System Examples

The disorder can be understood by the common man as a  term that emphasises the deviation from a normal order or a state of abnormality. The human body works as a perfectly oiled machine that can undergo a considerable amount of wear and tear that it can heal on its own. However, there is only a limited amount of healing that the body can do. All of this breaks down muscle tissue and bone horse disorders of the muscular and skeletal system. Some disorders of the muscular and skeletal system examples are discussed in detail below:

•     Muscular System Disorder Examples:

1.     Osteoporosis

The bone mineral density or bone mass of bones starts decreasing after the age of 35 years. Menopause is one of the main reasons for the speedy decline of calcium in the bones of women. Weakening of the bone structure caused by the deficiency of calcium is called osteoporosis.

2.     Arthritis

The literal meaning of “Arthritis” is inflammation of joints. The causes of inflammation of joints are due to metabolic constitutional or infection reasons. This inflammation of joints causes covering of the end of bones called cartilage, to break down.

3.     Spondylitis

The spinal cord is made up of many small bones called the vertebrae. If even one of these vertebrae is subjected to wear and Tear caused by movement, coma information occurs. This information of the vertebrae in the spine. This condition of the spine that causes discomfort and chronic pain is called Spondylitis

4.     Osteomalacia and Rickets

An acute deficiency of vitamin D causes a reduction in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in bones, making them fragile and brittle. This condition is called Osteomalacia in adults, while in children, it is called rickets.

5.     Osteonecrosis

Osteonecrosis is the condition in which the bones begin to die or collapse.

6.     Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis is a rare condition in which the bones grow abnormally large and become immensely dense. This is a genetic disorder.

7.     Paget’s Disease of the bone

The disease that is caused by the enlargement and weakening of bones is called Paget’s disease.

8.     Dislocation and Fracture

The unnatural displacement of a bone from its original position is called this location of the bone. When a force or impact on a bone causes injury and breakage. There are many kinds of fractures whose classification is based on the impact of force and the location of the bone.

•     Skeletal System Disorder Examples:

1.     Sprain and Strain

The basic difference between a sprain and a strain is that a strain is an injury to the muscle or tendon however, a sprain is an injury to a leg ligament. When ligament is twisted, and there is no dislocation of the bones it causes a sprain in the body, and strains range from mild to severe and can cause inflammation and chronic pain.

2.     Myasthenia Gravis

Symptoms such as difficulty or an inability to swallow, generalised fatigue and drooping eyelids on the face, are caused by an autoimmune disease that is caused when the antibodies reversely affect the nervous system. This disease is called Myasthenia Gravis.

3.     Tetany

Tetany is a disease that causes uncontrollable twitching of the muscles, this is caused by deficiencies, infections or related nervous dysfunctions of the muscles.

•     Musculoskeletal System Disorder system Disorders Examples:

1.     Tendonitis

Tendons are cords that attach muscles to bones. Tendonitis is condition causes inflammation and irritation of tendons.This condition also causes chronic pain and tenderness of a joint making it is very hard to move. 

2.     Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The carpal tunnel is a median nerve that passes through the palm of the hand. It provides sensation to the index finger, long finger, thumb and certain parts of the ring finger. The carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed while passing into the hand.

3.     Osteoarthritis

The various names such as degenerative joint disease coma degenerative Arthritis and the wear and tear arthritis is attributed to a common joint disease called osteoarthritis. The breaking down of cartilage causes the bones within the joint to rub together, and the friction thus created, causes a lot of pain and discomfort. The disease caused by this phenomenon is called Osteoarthritis.

4.     Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inflammation and pain in certain joints and parts of the body that increase during a certain period, known as exacerbations and reduced during remissions is called rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion

Conditions of acute pain, tenderness of parts of the body such as joints, sleep, cognitive disturbances and general fatigue are caused by musculoskeletal diseases. These diseases are sometimes questioned by healthcare professionals as being real or not, because these diseases did not have a very specific diagnosis. However, with the advancement in science, the world has come across a wide array of diseases that are related to the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.