DISORDER OF THE MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL SYSTEM

The skeletal and muscular systems are the two basic systems that allow the body to move. They are separate systems, but they cannot work without one another. There are 206 bones in the skeletal system and 600 muscles in the muscular system. Other tissues such as ligaments, tendons, cartilages, and connective tissue play a significant part in the effective working of both systems. Ligaments join two bones together, and tendons connect a bone to a muscle.

This system includes both skeletal muscles and smooth components, which is noteworthy. The musculoskeletal system performs the following roles when working together:

• Allows for easier mobility
• Maintains a good posture
• Aids in blood circulation
• Gives the body a sense of order.
• It protects the organs.

Muscular and Skeletal Disorders: In layman’s words, a disorder is a divergence from the usual or an anomaly. Any machine or human body can be affected by this disease. Because of age or usage, the human body, like other equipment, wears down over time. Disorders result from this wear and strain. Diseases damage the muscular and skeletal systems, which has a negative impact on the human body. 

COMMON DISEASE OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Arthritis: It’s a relatively prevalent condition that mostly affects the aged. It is a joint condition that comes in a variety of forms. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s cells attack and kill the cells in the joints. Osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition, is another kind of arthritis. Infectious arthritis is a kind of arthritis caused by bacteria or viruses that assault the joints and are present in the blood. Gouty arthritis is a painful form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid in the bones.

Fracture: A fracture occurs when a bone is subjected to abrupt or extremely intense pressure or stress. Falls, direct body impact, and sports-related injuries all fall under this category.

Fractures are more likely to occur in the elderly, people with osteoporosis, endocrine or intestinal diseases, and those using corticosteroids. Fractures come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but they’re normally characterized as closed or open, incomplete or complete.

• Closed/Open fractures: A closed or simple fracture occurs when a broken bone does not penetrate the epidermis. An open or complex fracture, on the other hand, occurs when the ends of a broken bone break through the skin. Open fractures, which expose the bone and other tissues, lead to an infection for the serious injuries.

• Incomplete/Complete fractures: When a bone cracks but does not break entirely, it is said to have an incomplete fracture. Complete fractures, on the other hand, occur when the bone is broken into two or more pieces.

Both varieties have a wide range of variations based on how the bone breaks and how it heals.

Osteoporosis: This common condition causes weak bones, raising the chances of fractures, leading to variations in bone mineral density and volume. Osteoporosis is described as a “silent” disease since no symptoms appear until a bone fractures. These fractures can occur in any portion of the body, but the pelvis, spine, and wrist are perhaps the most frequent.

Osteoporosis is more common among elderly women, despite the fact that it may affect anybody. Aside from age, being short in stature, having a family history, using certain drugs, and having low bone density are also risk factors.

Paget’s disease: Paget’s disease is a long-term condition that affects how bones break down and develop. This causes excessive bone breakdown and regeneration, resulting in larger and softer bones than normal. Paget’s disease can lead to deformed bones that are more prone to fractures.

Paget’s disease symptoms are uncommon, and whenever they do appear, they might be comparable to those of arthritis. Inflammation in the afflicted area, headaches, and hearing loss (if the illness impacts the skull), pressure on the neurons (if the skull or spine is damaged), joint cartilage deterioration, enlarged head size, limb bending, and spine deformation are some of the symptoms.

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER 

A defect in the immune system causes the immune system to confuse healthy cells for foreign ones, enabling the immune system to attack healthy cells in the body. It is believed that up to 50 million Americans are affected by autoimmune diseases. There are several types, and the signs and consequences vary from person to person. The majority of autoimmune disease treatment focuses on treating the discomfort and clinical signs.

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory illness in which the immune system incorrectly attacks healthy cells, causing inflammation and severe swelling in the afflicted region. It can affect numerous joints at once, most often the hands, wrists, and knees, causing joint tissue destruction and persistent discomfort, as well as lack of balance or instability and abnormalities.

Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms include joint pain and stiffness, as well as soreness and swelling. These will happen on both sides of the body, such as in both wrists or both knees. Weight loss, fever, exhaustion, and weakness are some of the other symptoms.

While the exact etiology of the condition is unknown, it has been linked to an increased chance of getting it due to variables such as age, gender, genetics, early smoking exposure, and obesity.

Gout: Gout is a kind of inflammatory arthritis characterized by severe pain and caused by an excess of uric acid in the body. Uric acid crystals form in the body’s joints and surrounding tissues. This condition normally affects just one joint at a time, most often the one linking the big toes. The smaller toe joints, ankles, and knees are also typically affected joints.

Symptoms such as severe pain, swelling, redness, and heat have been reported to worsen (“flares”) or completely cease (“remission”). Gouty arthritis, a severe type of arthritis, can develop after repeated bouts of gout. Gender, obesity, certain health problems, the use of certain drugs including diuretics, an increased intake of alcohol and high-fructose food and drink, and a purine-rich diet are all elevated risk considerations.

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Myositis is a rare autoimmune illness that causes muscle fibers to become inflamed and feeble. When the body’s own immune system fights itself, autoimmune disorders develop. The immune system targets healthy muscle tissue in myositis, causing inflammation, edema, discomfort, and eventually weakness. Polymyositis is a condition in which there is no skin involvement. Dermatomyositis is a condition in which the skin is involved.

Myositis can affect different parts of the body in different people. Myositis usually affects the muscles in the upper arms and thighs, making it difficult to raise the arms over the head or get out of a chair. Some patients may also have respiratory symptoms, such as trouble breathing or swallowing, while others may have difficulties swallowing. Women are more than twice as likely as males to be diagnosed, with the majority of patients being diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 60. Juvenile myositis is a kind of myositis that affects people under the age of 20 and is handled unequally.

You may suffer some of the symptoms listed or physical examination findings depending on whether your lungs or esophagus are impacted:

• Rashes can appear on the knuckles, around fingernails, around the nose and cheeks, and on the chest, among other places. Dermatomyositis is a diagnosis that occurs when a typical myositis-related rash is present. 
• Calcinosis is a condition in which calcium deposits build in your muscles, skin, and connective tissues over time, causing discomfort and illness.
• Problems swallowing, such as weight loss and starvation, or aspirating food or drinks into the lungs, can cause pneumonia.

CONCLUSION

Musculoskeletal diseases of the low back and upper extremities are a major national health concern, with an estimated 1 million individuals missing work each year. Compensation expenses, lost earnings, and productivity are all significant economic consequences associated with these diseases.