Different plant groups

A long time ago, a sea-algae, most likely from the Charophyta division, generated a new idea in the plant world and crawled out of the sea to start the lineage of land plants that we know today on Earth.

There are many strange and amazing land-dwelling plants that have developed from this pioneering creature today, but they can be divided into four classes.

Plant Classification

Classification is the process of dividing organisms into groups or sets based on their similarities and differences.

• Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms are the kingdoms of plants.
• The thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes have naked embryos termed spores instead of outward flowers or seeds. As a result, these plants are also known as cryptogamae.
• Phanerogams are plants that produce seeds and have well-differentiated reproductive tissues.

Bryophytes

Since they lack a complete vascular system, true roots, and true leaves, bryophytes are considered the simplest of the four types. Mosses and other tiny plants that grow in moist environments and reproduce by spores are examples.

• Bryophytes are found in wet, humid, and shady environments. They’re also known as “plant kingdom amphibians.”
• Bryophytes use rhizoids to bind their plant bodies to the substrate.

Pteridophytes

Plants called pteridophytes, like ferns, reproduce by spores, but they have acquired a circulatory system and are hence regarded as more sophisticated than bryophytes. These were the first trees on the planet; after plants developed vascular systems, they could grow as tall as fern trees. They don’t have a tap root, but do have roots that emerge from the stem by chance.

• Pteridophytes’ plant bodies are divided into true roots, stems, and leaves.
• Horsetails and ferns are examples of pteridophytes.

Gymnosperms

Conifers and pines are examples of gymnosperms. Seeds are used instead of spores to propagate these plants, which is an improvement over the pteridophyte model because seeds last considerably longer than spores. This means that genetic data is more secure and likely to be successful.

Gymnosperm seeds are not encased in an ovule, hence they must reproduce with both male and female cones. Pollination happens through insects, animals, or the wind, and male cones are smaller and softer than female cones.

• Gymnosperms are woody plants that produce naked seeds. These are the most primitive plants.
• They produce seeds but do not have fruits around them.
• Cycads, such as Cycas, Conifers (Pinus), and other native gymnosperms, are the only native gymnosperms that survive in warmer climates.

Angiosperms

All flowering plants are classified as angiosperms, which are the most advanced plants on the planet. They can be divided into two categories: monocots and dicots.

Flowers originated from a gymnosperm lineage some 130 million years ago, and plants were never the same after that.

Flowers provided a range of benefits, resulting in an explosion of diverse varieties that were able to outcompete most existing plants, eventually evolving into all of the blooming plants we know today.

Flowers have developed from the divergent gymnosperms, which account for 80% of all plants on the planet.

These four plant families reflect four major stages in the evolution of plants: emergence onto land, development of a circulatory system, seed adaptation, and the flower, which is the crowning achievement of plants.

Monocot sea grasses finally made their way back into the ocean, where they continue to produce blooms that are fertilized underwater. These are not to be confused with algae that look like plants but aren’t, such as seaweed.

• Flowering plants belong to the angiosperms. They reproduce through sexual reproduction.
• They demonstrate twofold fertilization, in which the male gamete combines with the egg to generate a diploid zygote that develops into an embryo or new sporophyte, and another male gamete unites with the polar nuclei (triple fission) to form triploid endosperm.

Types of Angiosperms

There are two types of Angiosperms:

Monocotyledons:

Monocots are blooming parts with only one cotyledon in their embryos, which is why they are called monocots.

Dicotyledons:

They’re also known as dicots, and they’re blooming plants with cotyledons, which are pairs of leaves in the seed embryo.

Thallophyta

Thallophyta is a plant kingdom division that includes primitive plant life with a basic plant body. Algae, fungus, and lichens range in size from unicellular to enormous.

Thallophytes is the name given to the first ten phyla. There are no roots, stems, or leaves on these basic plants.

They aren’t part of the embryophyta family. These plants are primarily found in water.

• Thallophytes are undifferentiated plants that don’t have roots, stems, or leaves.
• Autotrophic nutrition can be either unicellular or multicellular.
• Ulothrix, Cladophora, Chara, Spirogyra, and Ulva, for example.

Conclusion

A long time ago, a sea-algae, most likely from the Charophyta division, generated a new idea in the plant world and crawled out of the sea to start the lineage of land plants that we know today on Earth. All flowering plants are classified as angiosperms, which are the most advanced plants on the planet. They can be divided into two categories: monocots and dicots.

Flowers originated from a gymnosperm lineage some 130 million years ago, and plants were never the same after that. Thallophyta is a plant kingdom division that includes primitive plant life with a basic plant body. Algae, fungus, and lichens range in size from unicellular to enormous.

Conifers and pines are examples of gymnosperms. Seeds are used instead of spores to propagate these plants, which is an improvement over the pteridophyte model because seeds last considerably longer than spores.