Different Parts of a Plant Cell

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells found in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes belonging to the kingdom Plantae, with a membrane-bound nucleus. They have a range of membrane-bound cell organelles that conduct diverse roles to keep the plant cell running smoothly.

The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. Plants, like animals and people, have an infinite number of cells in their bodies. The plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall, which determines the shape of the plant cell. Many biological activities are linked to cell walls and other organelles.

Plant Cell

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ from the cells of other eukaryotes in a number of ways. Plant and animal cells have nuclei and organelles that are almost identical. One of the distinctive characteristics of a plant cell is the presence of a cell wall outside of the cell membrane. Plant cells are larger and rectangular in shape than animal cells. Plant cells undertake different tasks than animal cells, despite the fact that they are both eukaryotic and share a few cell organelles. Some of these alterations are visible when the cells are examined under an electron microscope.                                 

Parts of a Plant Cell

Plant cells, like other organs in the body, have a range of components known as cell organelles, which conduct a variety of functions to keep the plant alive. The following organelles are among them:

Cell Wall

The plant cell wall is a thick layer of cellulose, glycoproteins, lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose that surrounds the cell membrane. The plant cell wall is made up of proteins, polysaccharides, and cellulose. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and support the cell, as well as to shield it from mechanical stress and to give it form and structure. 

Chemicals entering and departing the cell pass through the cell wall, which acts as a filter. The cell wall is guided by microtubules, which are made up of three layers: primary, secondary, and middle lamella. The major cell wall is formed by enzymes laying down cellulose.

Cell Membrane

Inside the cell wall, there is a semi-permeable membrane. It consists of a thin layer of fat and protein. The cell membrane is in charge of regulating the flow of specific substances into and out of the cell. For example, the cell membrane keeps poisons out while enabling nutrients and essential minerals to pass through.

Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-based organelle found in eukaryotic cells. In general, eukaryotes have a single nucleus, while some cell types, such as human red blood cells, have no nuclei, while others, such as osteoclasts, have several nuclei.

Nucleolus

In cells, the nucleolus assists in the development of protein-making structures and ribosomes.

Nucleopore

Nucleopores are holes in the nuclear membrane that allow proteins and nucleic acids to pass through them.

Plastids

Plastids are double-membrane organelles found in plant and algal cells. These plastids are necessary for food production and storage. Pigments that are used in the photosynthesis process are typically found in plastids. These pigments can also change the color of the cell. The following are some of the most important plastids:

Leucoplasts

Plant tissues that aren’t photosynthetic contain leucoplasts. These cells store protein, fat, and carbohydrates, among other things.

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are elongated organelles with a phospholipid membrane around them. The stroma is a fluid that holds circular DNA within the chloroplast, and the chloroplast is shaped like a disc. Each chloroplast contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that is required for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and turns it to glucose using carbon dioxide and water.

Chromoplasts

They are varied, colored plastids that are responsible for pigment generation and storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Red, orange, and yellow pigments in chromosomes give mature fruits and flowers their color.

Central Vacuole

The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells that is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is wrapped in a membrane and acts as a supply and waste storage facility. It also aids in maintaining optimum pressure by providing proper structure to the developing plant. It absorbs around 30% of the volume of a mature plant cell.

Golgi apparatus

They are found in all eukaryotic cells and are in charge of carrying macromolecules synthesized in the cell to different parts of the cell.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are macromolecular machineries found in nearly all living cells that are involved in the creation of biological proteins. As a result, ribosomes are frequently referred to as the cell’s protein producers.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles found in all eukaryotic cells’ cytoplasm that produce energy by breaking down glucose and sugar molecules, earning them the moniker “Powerhouse of the Cell”.

Lysosome

Lysosomes are known as suicide sacks because they encapsulate digestive enzymes in a restricted membrane. They provide the function of cellular waste disposal by digesting worn-out organelles, food particles, and foreign substances in the cell.

Structure of Plant Cell

Plant cells are often larger than animal cells, with similar sizes and shapes. They are typically cubic or rectangular in shape. The cell wall, vacuoles, and plastids, such as Chloroplast, are structural organelles found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. Cilia and flagella, lysosomes, and centrioles are all features found in animal cells that are not seen in plant cells.

Types of Plant Cells

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that are found in Plant Kingdom species. Cells mature to the point where they can conduct specific functions as an organism develops. Parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, xylem cells, and phloem cells are examples of plant cells.

Function of a Plant Cell

Photosynthesis is the basic activity of plant cells, hence they are referred to as the building blocks of plants. The chloroplasts of the plant cell are where photosynthesis takes place. It is the process by which plants produce food by combining sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Conclusion

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells found in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes belonging to the kingdom Plantae, with a membrane-bound nucleus. They have a range of membrane-bound cell organelles that conduct diverse roles to keep the plant cell running smoothly.

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that are found in Plant Kingdom species. Cells mature to the point where they can conduct specific functions as an organism develops. Parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, xylem cells, and phloem cells are examples of plant cells. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ from the cells of other eukaryotes in a number of ways. Plant and animal cells have nuclei and organelles that are almost identical.