Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

Meiosis is the process by which reproductive division, also known as gametogenesis, occurs in the germ cells of the gonads. It is a step in the gamete production process. Diploid germ cells generate haploid gametes. Male gametes and female gametes are the two types of gametes found. Male gametes are referred to as sperms, whereas female gametes are referred to as eggs. To create a diploid zygote, one sperm is fused with one egg, which is then divided and developed into a new organism.

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process of creating male gametes, or sperms, from spermatogonia in the testis. The spermatogonium is composed of diploid cells. It can be found in the tiny tubules of the testis, a male’s primary reproductive organ. Each spermatogonium is in charge of producing four haploid spermatozoa. Meiosis is the process of cell division. In males, puberty marks the beginning of spermatogenesis. Millions of sperm are produced each day for the duration of a man’s life.

Spermatogonia are spermatogenic germ cells. Sperm contains self-renewing stem cells called spermatogonia. They develop into intermediate spermatogonium, which is responsible for spermatozoa differentiation. The intermediate spermatogonium undergoes mitosis to make type B spermatogonia, which then undergoes mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes. Following that, primary spermatocytes go through meiosis 1, which results in the formation of two secondary spermatocytes. Spermatids are the haploid cells that result, and they remain connected to the testis lumen’s border via cytoplasmic bridges. During spermiogenesis, spermatids are spherical, non-flagellated cells that mature and differentiate into sperms. Human spermatic development takes roughly 70 days to complete. In humans, the testis produces 100 million sperm every day.

Oogenesis

Oogenesis is the process of creating female gametes, or ova, from oogonia in the ovaries. The primary oocyte is a diploid cell that goes through meiosis and splits into a single ovum. Each of the two stages of meiosis results in the production of two polar entities. From puberty through menopause, oogenesis happens once a month.

Oogenetic germ cells, also known as oogonia, are stem cells that self-renew and develop into ova. Thousands of oogonia divide to form around 7 million germ cells from the second to seventh months of embryo development. Mitosis generates primary oocytes from oogonia. Primary oocytes are processed during the embryonic phase until the diplotene stage of the first meiotic division. Cell division is suspended until adolescence when it resumes. Some primary oocytes can stop dividing cells for up to 50 years. 

The bulk of primary oocytes is lost during a person’s lifetime, with only approximately 400 primary oocytes producing gametes after puberty. Puberty causes a halt in cell division, resulting in the creation of secondary oocytes from primary oocytes. The main oocyte produces one secondary oocyte and one polar body by unequal cell division. 

The cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte is complete, and the nucleus of the polar body is destroyed. During ovulation, a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary. Therefore, the main distinction between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that oogenesis produces one mature ovum whereas spermatogenesis produces four mature sperm. One mature ovum is produced during oogenesis, whereas four mature sperm are created during spermatogenesis.

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis: Difference

Conclusion

In this unit, we discussed the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. The main distinction between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that oogenesis produces one mature ovum whereas spermatogenesis produces four mature sperm. One mature ovum is produced during oogenesis, whereas four mature sperm are created during spermatogenesis.