Development of fruit

A fruit is the seed-bearing structure developed from the ovary after flowering in flowering plants, according to botany. Fruits are the vehicles through which angiosperms (flowering plants) disperse their seeds. Edible fruits, in example, have long been propagated by people and animals in a symbiotic connection that serves as a means of seed distribution for one group and nutrition for the other; in fact, humans and many animals have become reliant on fruits as a food source. 

Structure:

The pericarp is the outer layer of most fruits that is typically edible. It usually surrounds the seeds and is derived from the ovary; however, in some species, other structural components contribute to or from the edible section. The epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp are the three layers of the pericarp that run from outer to inner. Fruit is considered to be billed if it has a pronounced pointed terminal protrusion. 

 Classification of fruits:

Plant scientists have categorised fruits into three main types based on the three ways of fruit development: simple fruits, aggregation fruits, and numerous (or composite) fruits. 

Simple fruits:

The ripening-to-fruit of a simple or compound ovary in a single flower with a single pistil produces simple fruits. A single flower with several pistils, on the other hand, usually produces an aggregate fruit, while the merging of several blooms, or a multiple of flowers, generates a multiple fruit. A basic fruit is defined further depending on whether it is dry or fleshy. 

Aggregate fruits:

An aggregate fruit, also known as an aggregation or etaerio, grows from a single flower with several simple pistils (see graphic of raspberry pistils). Each pistil has one carpel, which when combined produces a fruitlet. An aggregate fruit, also known as an etaerio fruit or simply an etaerio, is the final (fruiting) development of the aggregation of pistils. 

Multiple fruits:

A cluster of blooms (a multiple of flowers) forms a multiple fruit, also known as an inflorescence. Each (‘smallish’) blossom produces a single fruitlet, which merges into a single mass of fruit as it matures. Pineapple, fig, mulberry, Osage orange, and breadfruit are some examples. The first bloom is a head, which is an inflorescence (a cluster) of white flowers. Each flower in the cluster develops into a drupe after fertilisation; when the drupes expand, they form a connate organ, combining into a numerous meaty fruit known as a syncarp. 

Accessory fruit forms:

Some (or all) of the edible components of some fruits are not formed by the ovary; such fruit development can include all of the pistils and other sections produced by a single flower as well as those produced by multiple flowers. Accessory fruiting is a type of development that happens in all three types of fruit development: simple, aggregate, and multiple. Multiple-accessory fruits are sometimes identified by a hyphenated phrase that includes both characters; for example, pineapple is a multiple-accessory fruit. 

Development:

The fertilisation and maturation of one or more blooms produces a fruit. The stigma-style-ovary system is included in the gynoecium, which is centred in the flower-head and forms all or part of the fruit —(see graphic: ‘the parts of a flower’). One or more ovules are seen inside the ovary(ies). A complex sequence known as double fertilisation begins here: a female gametophyte creates an egg cell for fertilisation (A female gametophyte is called a megagametophyte, and also called the embryo sac.) The ovules will form seeds after double fertilisation.