Centriole Structure

Animal cells contain an organelle called centriole which is found in pairs in the cell. They are also present in lower plants but are absent in higher plants. They are located near the nucleus and cannot be seen unless the cell is dividing. They divide themselves during cell division. Its structure is simple, and it looks like a hollow cylinder made up of nine or more hollow microtubules. They are present inside the centrosome. The centrosome is a space near the nucleus. The position of the nucleus and the cell are due to the organisation of the centriole. It helps in cell division, forms mitotic fibre, organises the cell and nucleus. The microtubules form the backbone of the cell. 

Structure of Centriole

Centrioles are composed of triplets of nine microtubules arranged in a cylindrical form. It has a distal end and a proximal end. The distal end has distal appendages at the upper part of the structure. The middle part has subdistal appendages that are small circles in the middle of the structure. The two centrioles are connected by interconnecting fibres. One centriole is called the mother centriole and the other, which is attached to it, is called the daughter centriole. These are small organelle visible only in an electron microscope. 

The centriole is one of the largest structures made up of proteins, known as tubulin. Centrioles are attached at a right angle to facilitate functions for cells. If not attached in this manner, centrioles cannot function properly, leading to a genetic mutation. 

The Function of Centriole

Centrioles are responsible for the position of the nucleus and the cell. It acts as the backbone of the cell. It helps in the formation of spindle fibre in the separation of chromosomes, during cell division.

Centrioles are changed to basal bodies, which help in the formation of flagella and cilia.

They are capable of dividing themselves without the presence of DNA in them. In sperm cells, they form the tail of the sperm to help the sperm move. Centrioles also help in cell division.

Functional Protein

Proteins are composed of a long chain of amino acids. Functional proteins are divided based on their function. Some functional proteins are haemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, avidin, etc. Protein, when consumed, conducts some important biological activities in the body. Many foods we eat contain protein. For example, soybean contains a protein called trypsin and egg white contains a protein called avidin. The functional protein binds biotin with great specificity.  

Haemoglobin protein, present in the blood cells, helps carry oxygen molecules to the body and gives the blood-red colour to blood.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyse many reactions in the body and increase the rate of the reaction without getting consumed. 

Myoglobin protein is present in the striated muscles and heart muscles of the vertebrates. Its primary purpose is to supply oxygen to the cells of the muscles. Different types of muscle contain different amounts of myoglobin.

Conclusion

A centriole is an organelle of the eukaryotic cell. It is found near the centre of the cell. It is present in tubular form and pairs. The shape of the centriole is cylindrical, and it is made up of groups of numerous microtubules. Each cell contains two centrioles. Centrioles are composed of tubulin protein, which is a structural protein, with the primary job of constructing microtubules. 

Proteins are divided into two kinds, structural proteins and functional proteins. Structural protein helps in making the various structures of the cell or body, and functional proteins carry out the biological functions of a living body.