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There are two classes in this sub-kingdom. The number of leaves in the little plant that emerges from the seed serves as the basis for this classification. The coffee plant contains two little leaves as it grows from the seed, and hence belongs to the Dicotyledone class.
The blooms of the peanut plant are yellow, orange, cream, or white, and they produce ‘pegs,’ which are distinctive floral structures that sink into the ground to grow the pod. The pods can grow up to 10 cm (4 in) in length and contain anything from one to five seeds. Peanut plants can grow to a height of 0.6 m (2 ft) depending on the cultivar, and as an annual plant, they only live for one growing season. Peanut is a South American nut that is also known as groundnut, monkeynut, or earth nut.
Processing Of Groundnut
1.The fundamental requirements Peanuts thrive in tropical and subtropical settings, where warm temperatures and a long growing season are required. Temperatures between 30 and 34°C (86–93°F) are ideal for plant growth, while they can survive temperatures between 15 and 45°C (59–113°F).
2.Flowers may be damaged by temperatures above 34°C. Peanuts thrive on a light, well-draining sandy loam, but they can also thrive in heavier soils.
3.The pH range of 6.0-6.5 is the best for peanut growth. Peanuts are drought resistant and can go without water for lengthy periods of time, albeit their yield suffers as a result.
4.A well-distributed rainfall of 500 to 600 mm of water over the course of the growing season is optimum for best yield. Peanuts are mainly grown from seed. Seeds should be placed in a well-prepared seedbed with loose, porous soil that is free of big clumps.
5. Weeds that will compete with the peanut seedlings should be removed from the seedbed. Weeds can be eradicated by cultivating by hand or using a proper herbicide. Peanut seeds should be sown 3–5 cm (1–2 in) deep by hand. It is preferable to slope the soil or use flat beds to make peanut harvesting easier.
6.Peanuts can be produced as a stand-alone crop or in rotation with corn (maize), cassava, or soybeans. Maintenance and general care Peanut fields should be kept as free of competitive weeds as possible to ensure optimal yields. If dry circumstances occur during flowering and pod fill, additional irrigation should be provided to the plants.
7.Peanuts do not usually require additional nitrogen since their roots generate symbiotic bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. For optimum pod fill, peanuts require calcium in the soil. The pods in the pegging zone receive calcium from the soil immediately. In calcium-deficient soils, pods may be empty or incompletely filled. Depending on the type, peanuts are ready to harvest between 85 and 130 days after sowing.
8.Pods can be harvested manually or mechanically. Plants should be dug up and the pods should be removed. Pods are dried in the sun for 2–10 days after harvesting, until their moisture content is around 10%.
Uses of Groundnut
The majority of commercially farmed peanuts are used to extract the oil, which is then utilised in cooking. A pressed cake is a byproduct of oil extraction that is used as animal feed and in the manufacturing of peanut flour. Raw kernels are frequently roasted and consumed as a snack.
Conclusion
As we conclude that the seed develops underground, Arachis hypogaea L. is also known as peanut, groundnut, monkey nut, goober, or earth nut. It belongs to the Papilionaceae division of the Leguminosae family. Only a few hundred species of legumes produce blooms above ground but mature fruit below ground, including the peanut.
