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Our blood types are something that we should all be aware of. The presence of this factor is extremely significant when receiving a blood transfusion.. Having an understanding of our blood group allows us to choose the most appropriate blood for transfusion in the event of an emergency or an accident.
With the use of a Blood Group Test Kit, we can conduct a simple and straightforward experiment to determine our blood type while sitting at home.Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all components of a human blood cell. All of these blood cells serve an important role in the delivery, protection, and regulation of oxygen and nutrients. The presence or lack of antigens and antibodies on the surface of our red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is the most important factor in determining our blood group. Blood transfusion from the wrong blood group can be life-threatening in some cases.
The four primary blood groups are A, B, AB, and O. A is the most common blood group. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian biologist and immunologist, was the first to discover the blood grouping system, which was discovered in the year 1901.
Blood group testing
Aim
The primary goal of this experiment is to gain an understanding of the fundamental concepts of the ABO blood group system, as well as to determine our own blood group and type.
Requirements for Materials
Materials Required
Toothpicks
Blood sample
Alcohol Swabs
Lancet
Clean glass slide
Sterile cotton balls
Biohazard disposal container
Monoclonal Antibodies (Anti-A, B, and D)
Procedure
1.Using a clean glass slide, make three concentric circles on top of it.
2.Remove the Monoclonal Antibodies (MAB) kit from its packaging. Anti-A should be placed in the first circle, Anti-B should be placed in the second circle, and Anti-D should be placed in the third circle with the use of a dropper.
3.Keep the slide safely out of the way so that it doesn’t get disturbed.
4.After that, use the alcohol swabs to wash down the ring finger and carefully touch it close to the fingertip, which is where the blood sample will be taken.
5.Prick the inside of the ring fingertip with the lancet and wipe away the first drop of blood with a tissue.
6.As the blood begins to ooze out, gently press the fingertip against the three circles of the glass slide to allow it to fall on the three circles of the glass slide.
7.Apply pressure to the area where the needle was inserted in order to stop blood flow. If necessary, a cotton ball can be used.
8.With the use of a toothpick, gently mix the blood sample and then wait for a minute to see the results.
Results
Precautions
After you’ve finished with the alcohol swabs, lancet, cotton balls, and toothpick, throw them away. As soon as you have determined the outcome, place all of the materials, including the glass slide, into the biohazard disposal container.
As previously stated, there are four major blood groups and eight other blood types, which are together referred to as the ABO Blood Group System, which stands for American Blood Organization. They are divided into two categories based on the presence or absence of two specific antigens and antibodies– A and B:
Group A- Antigen A & Antibody B.
Group B- Antigen B & Antibody A.
Group AB- Antigen A and B both and but no Antibodies
Group O- No Antigens and both A and B Antibodies are present
A third type of antigen, known as the Rh factor, exists in addition to these two types. The four blood groups are divided into eight separate blood types based on the presence or absence of this antigen (Rh factor) in the blood:
- A positive – Presence of Rh+
- A negative- Presence of Rh-
- B positive- Presence of Rh+
- B negative- Presence of Rh-
- AB positive- Presence of Rh+
- AB negative- Presence of Rh-
- O positive- Presence of Rh+
- O negative- Presence of Rh-
CONCLUSION
A blood test is when a sample of blood is collected to examine your overall health or for certain illnesses or infections. It can also help to determine how well particular organs or other sections of the body are working. Blood tests are frequent and can be carried relatively quickly.
