Biotechnology MCQs

Biotechnology is the use of biology to the solution of problems and the creation of valuable goods. The most well-known use of biotechnology is the genetic engineering-based creation of therapeutic proteins and other pharmaceuticals.

Beginning with the first agricultural settlements, people have been utilizing biological processes to improve their quality of life for over 10,000 years. Humans began to use microbes’ biological processes to manufacture bread, alcoholic beverages, and cheese, as well as to preserve dairy goods, around 6,000 years ago. However, such processes are not included in today’s definition of biotechnology, which was coined to describe the molecular and cellular technologies that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.

Question

Q.1. Who Proposed the Term Biotechnology?

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
2. The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)
3. National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS)
4. National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Answer: The Correct Answer is The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB). Biotechnology is defined as “the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, components thereof, and molecular counterparts for products and services” by the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB).

Q.2. Mention the Two Views that the definition of Biotechnology Encompass?

1. Traditional biotechnology and Modern molecular biotechnology
2. Medical biotechnology and Agricultural biotechnology
3. Green biotechnology and Animal biotechnology
4. Blue biotechnology and Red biotechnology

Answer: The Correct Answer is Traditional biotechnology and Modern molecular biotechnology. The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has defined biotechnology in a way that includes both traditional and modern molecular biotechnology. 

Traditional biotechnology is primarily centered on the use of microorganisms in fermentation. Modern biotechnology is a blend of biology and genetic engineering-based production technologies.

Q.3. What are the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology?

1. Classical and traditional biotechnology
2. Red biotechnology and green biotechnology
3. Genetic engineering and maintenance of a sterile environment
4. Genetics and mathematics

Answer: The Correct Answer is Genetic engineering and maintenance of a sterile environment. The two essential techniques that gave birth to modern biotechnology are genetic engineering and maintaining a sterile environment. 

Genetic engineering is a technique for altering and using the chemistry of genetic material. While maintaining a sterile environment allows only the desired organisms to proliferate in large quantities for biotechnological product manufacturing.

Q.4.Among these which one is a product of Biotechnology?

1. Skin
2. Bacteria
3. Plants
4. Vaccine

Answer: The Correct Answer is Vaccine. Vaccines are a biotechnological product. Chemical engineering operations necessitate the preservation of a microbial-free environment. Only the chosen organism can thrive in this environment. As a result, large-scale production of the organism for biotechnological goods such as antibiotics, vaccines, and enzymes is possible.

Q.5. Traditional hybridization procedures have limitations, which are solved by ______ approaches.

1. Modern Hybridization
2. Immunology
3. Cell Biology
4. Genetic engineering

Answer: The Correct Answer is Genetic engineering. Hybridization approaches in the previous have resulted in the inclusion and multiplication of undesired genes alongside desired genes. Recombinant DNA, gene cloning, and gene transfer are examples of genetic engineering approaches that circumvent the limitations of traditional hybridization procedures.

Q.6. Mention the term initiates the Replication in DNA?

1. Origin of replication
2. DNA ligase
3. Histone protein
4. Termination sequences

Answer: The Correct Answer is Origin of replication. The origin of replication is a specific DNA sequence in a chromosome that is responsible for starting replication. DNA ligase is an enzyme that aids in the linking of DNA strands. Termination sequences are the points at which DNA replication comes to an end, whereas histones are the proteins that wrap DNA.

Q.7. A circular extrachromosomal DNA that replicates independently is known as.

1. Nitrogenous base
2. Bacteria
3. Plasmid
4. RNA

Answer: The Correct Answer is Plasmid. In the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan, a plasmid is a tiny circular DNA strand. It’s a type of genetic structure in a cell that can multiply without the use of chromosomes. They’re often employed in recombinant DNA research.

Q.8.Generally Restriction Enzymes are ……….?

1. Sticky ends
2. Ligases
3. Vectors
4. Molecular scissors

Answer: The Correct Answer is Molecular scissors. Restriction enzymes are a type of molecular shears. Restrictase is another name for them. They are short nucleotide sequences that detect certain places inside molecules and break the DNA at or around those regions.

Q.9. Plasmid DNA acts as _____ to transfer the piece of DNA attached to it into the host organism.

1. Carrier
2. Protein
3. Antibody
4. Vector

Answer: The Correct Answer is Vector. A vector is a DNA molecule that is used to transport foreign genetic material into another cell artificially. Plasmid DNA is frequently used as a vector to introduce a gene into a desired organism.

Q.10. The process of making many copies of a desired DNA template is known as ………..? 

1. Transferring
2. Cloning
3. Genetic engineering
4. R-DNA technology

Answer: The Correct Answer is Cloning. Cloning is the process of creating numerous genetically identical clones of a desired DNA template. This can be a natural or man-made process. After then, the clone replicates inside the host’s body.

Q.11. The plasmid of the _____ bacterium was utilized to create the first recombinant DNA.

1. Bacillus subtilis
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Salmonella typhimurium
4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: The Correct Answer is Bacillus subtilis. The first recombinant DNA was created by combining an antibiotic resistance gene with a Salmonella typhimurium native plasmid. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer carried out this experiment successfully in 1972.

Q.12. Who Discovered Restriction Enzymes?

1. Berg
2. Smith and Nathans
3. Alexander Fleming
4. None

Answer: The Correct Answer is Smith and Nathans.

Q.13. Bacteria defend themselves against viruses by fragmenting viral DNA with 

1. Gyrase
2. Ligase 
3. Exonuclease
4. Endonuclease

Answer: The Correct Answer is Endonuclease. Bacteria defend themselves against viruses by using an endonuclease to fragment viral DNA. Endonuclease, also known as restriction enzyme, is a protein generated by bacterial cells that leaves DNA along with the molecule at specific places.

Q.14. ELISA is

1. Usage of RBCs
2. Using radiolabeled second antibody
3. Addition of substrate that is converted into a colored end product
4. Using complement-mediated cell lysis

Answer: The Correct Answer is Addition of substrate that is converted into a colored end product. ELISA is a plate-based test technique for detecting and measuring soluble molecules such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. The same method is also known by other names, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA).