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Artificial Vegetative Production: Artificial vegetative breeding is a type of plant pollination that involves human intervention. By using this method, the farmer produces healthier crop. Artificial vegetative breeding involves many simple methods such as cutting layering and grafting etc.
What are the methods of Artificial Vegetative Production: There are various types of artificial vegetative production?
Cutting
Grafting
Layering
Suckering
Tissue Culture
Cutting:
When we plant any part of the plant like a strip or stem by cutting it, then it is called harvesting. Sometimes cuttings are also used for root development. Cutting method is an important method of asexual reproduction. Because this method is asexual, therefore the plant produced by this method is genetically identical to its parents. Which is called a clone in common language.
Examples of Cutting: Rose, Bougainvillea chrysanthemum plants are propagated by this method.
Grafting:
Grafting is a method in which two plants are combined to form a new variety. In this method, any two varieties of the same crop are combined to form a new variety. In this method, any part of one variety of a crop, such as a stem, is cut and added to another variety of the same crop in such a way that the nervous system of both of them and by connecting them together to form a new variety.
Examples of Grafting: Mango, Guava varieties, Hibiscus, Roses, Bougainvillea varieties.
Layering:
This method involves twisting the branches or stems of plants so that they touch the ground. The part of the branches or stems that come into contact with the ground is then covered with soil. Roots or roots extending from structures other than plant roots develop into soil-covered parts and the branch (branch or stem) attached to the new roots is known as a layer. This type of layering also occurs naturally. Another technique known as air layering involves scraping and covering branches with plastic to prevent moisture loss. Where branches are broken off and replanted, new roots emerge.
Examples of Layering: Examples of plants propagated by simple layering include climbing, forsythia, honeysuckle, rhododendron, roses, boxwood, azalea, and wax myrtle.
Suckering:
The suckers attach to a parent plant and form a dense, compact mat. Since too many suckers can shrink the crop size, the excess number is cut off. Mature suckers are cut from the parent plant and transplanted to a new area where those new plants grow. The dual purpose of sucking is to grow new shoots and to remove nutrient-sucking buds that prevent a main plant from growing. This type of asexual reproduction is based on the ability of plants to reproduce tissues and parts. Examples of plants spread by suckers include red raspberries, forsythia, and lilacs. Sucking allows gardeners and cultivators to reproduce a desired plant over and over again without significant change.
Tissue Culture: This procedure entails cultivating plant cells obtained from various regions of the parent plant. The tissue is sterilised and maintained in a specific medium until a mass of cells called a callus form. The callus is then grown in a hormone-containing media until it matures into plants. These mature into fully grown plants when planted. Oil palm, pine, banana, date, eggplant, plantain, jojoba, pineapple, rubber tree, cassava, yam, sweet potato, and tomato are all important plants for developing countries that have been cultivated in tissue culture.
Why Artificial Vegetative Production is so important:
Hybrid plants are generally disease resistant and pest resistant.
Can grow on different types of soil.
Show early maturity and give high yields.
Greater nutritional and economic value.
short life cycle.
Plants with long seed dormancy or slow breeders are grown in this way.
Disease free cells can be isolated and used to produce disease free plants.
The offspring are genetically identical to the parents.
Genetic and cytoplasmic modification can be done.
Advantages
Allows for the rapid development of new plants.
Allows the desirable traits of two different kinds to be combined.
Provides an effective way for propagating desirable plant kinds with less effort and in a shorter amount of time.
Plants that lack viable seed can nevertheless be reproduced.
The flowers that are produced are of exceptional quality.
Fruit’s desirable characteristics can be preserved.
Disadvantages
There is no new variety produced.
Overcrowding occurs near the parent plant.
There is very little chance of dissemination.
Conclusion
Vegetative reproduction (also called vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication, or cloning) is a type of asexual reproduction that occurs in plants and results in the growth of a new plant from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or from specialised reproductive structures known as vegetative propagules.
Numerous plants reproduce in this manner naturally, but it can also be created artificially. Horticulturists have devised asexual propagation strategies that reproduce plants by vegetative propagules. Success rates and propagation difficulty vary significantly. Monocotyledons often lack a vascular cambium, making propagation more difficult.
Plant propagation is the process through which a species or cultivar reproduces sexually or asexually. It can occur through the use of vegetative plant components, such as leaves, stems, and roots, or through the creation of specialised vegetative plant parts.
