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Multiple growth and death processes are carried out by cells of multicellular organisms. In order for any organism to survive and grow, cellular death is an absolute necessity. Our bodies are made up of a variety of different types of cells that are distributed throughout various body parts. During the process of cell death, the cell can be killed in two different ways. There are several ways in which this can happen: through exposure to an unfavourable or harmful environment, through an injury, or through a carefully controlled disintegration process. Specifically, Apoptosis and Necrosis are the two distinct mechanisms by which cells die. Cell death can be caused by a variety of toxic chemicals or even physical events such as radiation, trauma, heat, and a lack of oxygen supply due to a reduction in blood flow. Toutes of these chemical or physical events have the potential to cause a lethal disruption of the structure and activity of the cell.
Apoptosis
An apoptosis is a term that derives from the Greek word meaning “dropping off” or “falling off.” Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie were the first to propose the idea.
In all multicellular organisms, including plants and animals, apoptosis is a biological process that takes place every few days. It is used to remove cells from organisms that should no longer be a part of the organism, such as cancer cells. This process is critical in the development of humans as well as in the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system, among other things.
The Function of Apoptosis
- Apoptosis is a process that occurs in the body of an organism and is extremely important. The following are some examples of roles that the process can play:
- Apoptosis, which occurs during the development of the foetus, is responsible for the separation of the fingers.
- It leads to the closure of the neural tube in the dorsal portion of the brain.
- The removal of vestigial remnants such as the pronephros occurs as a result of programmed cell death.
- The Wolffian ducts are removed during the process of determining the gender of the foetus through cell death.
- Apoptosis, which occurs in the urachus, allows for the removal of redundant tissues that exist between the bladder and the umbilicus.
Necrosis
Necrosis is a type of cell tissue that develops as a result of an injury. This is a death tissue that has been found and has no reversible properties. Depending on the severity of the skin or bone injury, the amount of blood supply will gradually decrease. It was necrosis tissues that formed as a result of the lack of blood supply. Inflammatory cell death occurs when cells are exposed to noxious stimuli.
Types of Necrosis
The following types of necrosis are classified according to their appearance: –
- Liquefactive necrosis
- Coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive Necrosis:-
The term “liquefactive necrosis” refers to a condition that is also known as “colliquative necrosis.” It appears to be microscopic in size. The dead tissue is dissolved or transformed into a liquid or viscous fluid in this process, which can be partial or complete depending on the situation. All of the transformation can be completed in a matter of hours.
Coagulative Necrosis:-
Coagulative Necrosis is a type of necrosis that occurs when there is a buildup of calcium in the body.
Compared to the above type, this one is completely different. In terms of appearance, it is macroscopic, and the outcome can be observed after several days of cell death. It has a default pattern that connects to all parts of the body, with the exception of the brain, using ischemia or hypoxia.
Difference between Apoptosis and Necrosis
Apoptosis | Necrosis |
Apoptosis is a natural process of cell death that occurs in the body on a regular basis, in which the cell itself participates. | A cellular process of death that occurs when cells are subjected to extremely harsh external conditions is known as necrosis (also known as cell death). |
It is a naturally occurring process that is not influenced by external factors. | External agents such as infection, trauma, and toxins are responsible for its development. |
Although the cell has died, the organelles continue to function in a functional manner. | It is not possible for the organelles to function after a cell has died. |
According to some, this procedure is somewhat advantageous. In contrast, it is recognised as abnormal when cell death occurs in excess or insufficient numbers as a result of the cellular processes that keep the body in balance. |
It always has a negative or negative impact. |
Apoptotic bodies are formed when the cell membrane ruptures. | The cell membrane ruptures, allowing the contents of the cell to be released into the surrounding environment. |
Similarities between Apoptosis and Necrosis
One similarity is that cell death in both pathways is induced by the same factors, such as toxins, as in the first. The dose of toxin is critical in determining which method of death will be chosen by the cell. Apoptosis is caused by a low dose of the toxin, while necrosis is caused by a high dose. When the mitochondrial membrane is permeabilized, it is only the outer membrane that is affected; when the mitochondrial membrane is permeabilized, it is both the outer and inner membranes.
Conclusion
The primary difference between Apoptosis and Necrosis is that the former is a preplanned process, whereas the latter is an unplanned and uncontrolled process, according to the definition. Necrosis is a type of cell death caused by uncontrolled external factors, whereas apoptosis is a predefined suicide of cells in which the cell destroys itself to maintain the smooth functioning of the body. Apoptosis is a type of cell death caused by uncontrolled external factors, whereas necrosis is a type of cell death caused by uncontrolled external factors.Apoptosis and necrosis are two different types of cell death that differ greatly in all aspects except the final stage of the process.
