Ohm’s Law

Flow of electrons through wires and electric components is referred to as electric current. It is the rate of charge flow. We say an electric current in a conductor when an electric charge travels through it. Electrons make up a charge flow in circuits that use metallic conductors. Ohm’s law describes the link between electric current and potential difference. The voltage applied to the conductors is proportional to the current that flows through most conductors. Keep reading to know about Ohm’s law formula, statement, and how to calculate electric power using Ohm’s law.

Ohm’s Law

The physicist “Ohm” is commemorated in Ohm’s Law of Current Electricity. Voltage, current, and resistance are the three most essential components of current electricity. The current flowing in a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference at its ends if the physical conditions and temperature of the conductor stay constant, according to Ohm’s law of current electricity.

V = IR

Where, 

V stands for voltage,

I stands for current, and 

R stands for resistance. 

The SI unit of resistance is ohms, represented by the symbol. Because the ratio V / I remain constant for a given resistance while establishing the current-voltage relationship, a graph of the potential difference (V) and current (I) must be straight.

When the other two values are known, this law can be used to determine either voltage, current, or resistance of a linear electric circuit. It also simplifies power calculations.

Ohm’s Law explanation

Ohm’s law stands valid only if the physical variables and the temperature remain constant. The temperature boosts by increasing the current in some components. For example, the filament of a light bulb increases in temperature when the current is raised. Ohm’s law cannot be applied in this situation. 

The voltage across a conductor is precisely proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical parameters and temperature stay constant, according to Ohm’s law.

Ohm’s Law Formula

The voltage or potential difference between two points is proportional to the current of electricity running through the resistance, and the circuit’s resistance is proportional to the current of electricity flowing through the resistance, according to Ohm’s law. Ohm’s law is expressed as V=IR.

Where V is the voltage across the conductor, I is the current to flow through the conductor, and R is the resistance to current flow provided by the conductor.

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

The three fundamental ideas can be stated using electrons or the charge they produce:

• Voltage is known as the difference in charge between two places

• The rate at which charge flows is known as current.

• The tendency of a substance to oppose the flow of charge is known as resistance (current).

So, when we talk about these numbers, we’re talking about charge mobility and, as a result, electron behaviour. A closed-loop, also known as a circuit, permits electricity to flow from one location to another. The circuit components allow us to manage this charge to perform tasks.

Voltage is defined as the quantity of potential energy between two locations on a circuit. Voltage is the difference in charge between the two sites. It is measured in volts, the difference in potential energy between two places that imparts one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it.

A water tank is a frequent analogy for describing voltage, current, and resistance. The amount of water represents the charge, the water pressure represents voltage, and the water flow represents current. Remember the following for this analogy:

• Charge = Water

• Voltage = Pressure

• Current = Flow.

Flow of Current

A force is experienced when a small amount of electric charge is deposited in the electric field due to another charge. As a result, action on the positive charge is required. The electric current in electrolytes and ionised gases comprises both positively and negatively charged ions flowing around. When n electrons flow through a conductor’s cross-section in time t, the total charge passing through the conductor is Q = n x e.

Electric Power using Ohm’s Law

Electric power is defined as the rate at which energy is transformed from the electrical energy of moving charges to another kind of energy such as mechanical energy, heat, magnetic fields, or energy stored in electric fields. A watt is a unit of power. The electrical power may be determined using Ohm’s law and substituting voltage, current, and resistance values.

Applications of Ohm Law

The following are the most common applications of Ohm’s law:

• The voltage, resistance, or current of an electric circuit must be determined.

• Ohm’s law is applied to keep the desired voltage drop across the electronic components.

• Ohm’s law is also utilised to divert current in DC ammeters and other DC shunts.

Ohm’s law limitations

The following are some of Ohm’s law’s limitations:

• As unilateral electrical elements like diodes and transistors only allow current to flow in one way, Ohm’s law does not apply to them.

• Voltage and current are not constant with respect to time for nonlinear electrical elements and factors like capacitance, resistance, and so on.

Conclusion

You should now be able to comprehend the concepts of voltage, current, and resistance and how they are related. Most circuit-analysis equations and laws can be derived simply from Ohm’s Law. You may learn the notion that underpins the study of any electrical circuit by memorising this fundamental law.