Profile
Settings
Refer your friends
Sign out
“Indus Civilization” is also recognized as “Indus Valley Civilization”. This is considered as a civilization of the Bronze Age and this was situated in north-western regions of South Asia. This civilization has a huge significance in “Indian history” since this is the first-ever civilization of India. Findings from the “sites and discoveries” of this civilization have proved that this civilization was too advanced.
Excavations of Indus Valley civilization
Several seals of Harappa have been discovered by John Faithfull Fleet in 1912. After that, an excavation campaign was prompted from 1921 to 1922 under the guidance of John Hubert Marshall, director-General of the “Archaeological Survey of India”. However, the first extensive excavation was done by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahani in 1920. After that an additional excavation had been done by Sir Mortimer Wheeler then another site of this civilization “Mohenjo-Daro” was also discovered in 1931.
World’s earliest civilization “Indus Valley civilization”
The early period of this civilization is 3300-1300 BCE and in-between the period of nearly 2600-1900 BCE this civilization matured as per the “Indian history”. Expansion of this civilization is along the Indus River which is now in northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Indus valley civilization is considered as one of earliest civilizations of “Indian history” along with Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Two great sites of this civilization are Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
This civilization is considered to be a civilization of the Bronze Age. There are a total of three phases such as the Early Harappan phase which was from 3300 BCE to 2600 BCE. The second phase of this civilization is the Mature Harappan phase which was from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The last phase of this civilization is Late Harappan phase which was from 1900 BCE to 1300 BCE as per the “Indian history”. New techniques were developed by inhabitants of this civilization including carnelian products, metallurgy with bronze, copper, tin, leas, handicrafts and seal carving.
Unique facts about “Indus Valley civilization”
- More than a thousand settlements and cites were contained in “Indus Valley civilization” which is a unique point of this civilization in the “Indian history”.
- The best thing is that in most of the sites there are systems of trash collection and drainage system of wastewater which was also in an organized form.
- Another unbelievable thing about this civilization is the existence of baths and granaries since at that time it was a huge thing to be there in this civilization and this makes “Indus Valley civilization” popular in “Indian history”.
Sites and discoveries of “Indus Valley civilization
Harappa
Harappa is considered as one of the important “sites and discoveries” of “Indus Valley civilization” in “Indian history”. This site was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921 as the first discovered site of this civilization. Harappa was situated in Sahiwal district of Punjab on the banks of Ravi. The major finding was coffin burials which were only discovered from this site. Those findings are “pieces of pottery with script of Indus”, “faience slag”, “cubical limestone weight”, “copper Bullock cart” and “statues of sandstone of human anatomy”.
Mohenjo-Daro
Mohenjo-Daro is also considered as one of the important “sites and discoveries” of “Indus Valley civilization” in “Indian history”. This site was discovered by R. D. Banerjee in 1922. Major findings of this site are “great bath”, “unicorn seal”, “granary”, “a statue of a dancing girl in bronze” and seal of a man with elephants, deer, rhinos and tiger which is considered as “Pashupati seal”.
Sutkagendor
As a third site of “Indus Valley civilization”, Sutkagendor was discovered and is recognized as an important “site and discovery” of this civilization. This site was discovered by Stein in 1929 which was located in Balochistan on Dast River. Sutkagendor was considered as the trading point between Babylon and Harappa. Major findings from this site were “flint blades”, “stone arrowheads”, “vessels of stones”, “potteries” and “shell beads”.
Chanhudaro
The fourth discovered site of this civilization was Chanhudaro which is recognized as one of those significant “sites and discoveries” in “Indian history”. This site was discovered by N. G Majumdar in 1931 on the Indus River. Major findings of this civilization were “InkPot”, “bangle factory”, “bead making shops”, “cart with its seated driver” and “footprint of a dog that is chasing a cat”.
Conclusion
“Indus Valley Civilization” is considered as the earliest civilization not only of India but also of the world. Several characteristics of this civilization make it unique and significant in “Indian history” such as the presence of granaries and great baths. Several “sites and discoveries” of this civilization were able to provide huge information about this civilization, such as that the people of this civilization were too advanced. People of this civilization are also capable enough of doing business and agriculture.
