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On January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution became very effective. The Constitution had 395 articles and eight schedules when it was enacted, and it was around 145,000 words lengthy at the time, making it the longest national constitution ever. The members of the Constituent Assembly debated every article in the sources of the Constitution over two years and eleven months, sitting for 11 sessions and 167 days to draft the Constitution. Every article in the modified Indian Constitution (as of 2020) is matched with its counterpart in the Draft Indian Constitution of 1948 in this section of content.
When was the Indian constitution adopted?
Constitution of India – Preamble
The American Constitution was the first constitution to have a preamble. The Indian constitution begins with one as well. The Preamble serves as the constitution’s introduction. It encapsulates the constitution’s core. The Preamble has been dubbed the “Identity card of the Constitution” by constitutional analyst N A Palkhivala.
The Preamble is based on Pandit Nehru’s Objective Resolution, which he proposed and the Constituent Assembly accepted. The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1976, adding the phrases “socialist,” “secular,” and “integrity” to the Preamble.
Ingredients of the Preamble
The Preamble gives four components:
- The Constitution’s Source of Authority: It states that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India.
- Indian State Nature: India is described as a sovereign, secular, socialist, democratic, and republican state.
- The Constitution’s Goals: The Constitution’s goals are to obtain justice which is equal among all along with the liberty
- Adoption date of the Constitution: November 26, 1949when did the Indian constitution come into force
Constitution of India: The Republic of India is governed by the Constitution of India, which the Constituent Assembly ratified on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. The Constitution establishes that a Parliamentary government would be established with a federal framework and certain unitary characteristics. According to the Constitution, the country’s President serves as the constitutional leader of the Union’s Executive.
Amendments
States participate in the amendment process from time to time and exert influence over it through the Rajya Sabha, which they control. If an amendment to the Constitution directly affects the states by altering their legislatures or delegating powers to them under the Seventh Schedule, this particular entrenched procedure is triggered. Before an amendment may become effective, it must be ratified by most state legislatures to become effective.
Power comes from the government.
The constitution sources give the executive, legislative, and judicial departments of government its authority and bind them to it.
- Under Articles 52 and 53 – President of India is Head
- The obligation of conserving, protecting, and defending the constitution and the law is outlined in Article 60.
- According to Article 74, the prime minister leads the Council of Ministers, which assists and advises the president
- The Council of Ministers is accountable to the lower house under Article 75(3).
The Constituent Assembly gathered for the first time on December 9, 1946, marking the beginning of the republican process. After two years and eleven months of deliberation, the Assembly concluded the Indian Constitution on the last session of the Constituent Assembly, on January 24, 1950.
This section contains the complete transcripts of the conversations in the Constituent Assembly. There are 12 volumes of transcripts, each corresponding to a specific period in the participants’ lives. Additionally, the volumes are divided by date, allowing users to search for all of the arguments at the time of a specific day. Each paragraph in each volume may be easily linked to and cited.
Major Sources of Indian Constitution | |
Constitution | Features |
Constitution of the United States of America | |
Fundamental Rights of the Humans | |
Structure of Federal Government | |
Electoral College | |
Independence of the Judiciary and separation of powers among the three branches of the Government | |
Judicial overview | |
President as the Supreme Commander of Armed Forces | |
Equal right and Protection Under Law | |
British Constitution | Government Parliament |
Citizenship for Single | |
Rule of law | |
Writs | |
Speaker and his/her role | |
Law Making Procedure | |
Procedure established by Law | |
Canadian Constitution | A Quasi-Federal form of government, with the following features — |
A Federal Structure | |
Distribution of powers | |
Central Government Power | |
Irish Constitution | Principles of State Policy |
Rajya Sabha Members | |
Election of President | |
French Constitution | The ideals of Liberty, Fraternity and Equality |
Australian Constitution | Easy of trade and commerce with different countries |
National Legislature making laws for implementing treaties, | |
Concurrent List | |
Constitution of the Soviet Union (USSR) | Article 51-A |
Planning Commission | |
Constitution of South Africa | Amendment Procedure |
Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members Election | |
Constitution of Germany | Emergency Provisions |
Constitution of Japan | Procedure Established by Law |
Conclusion
The Constituent Assembly drafted the Indian Constitution of 1950 between 1946 and 1950. On the other hand, this Constitution was based on a lengthier line of precedents papers drafted as legislation controlling British India or as aspirational political texts. This portion of the website contains versions of these ‘historical constitutions’ that have been carefully selected, revised, and human labelled.
The creators of the selected texts can be broadly divided into two categories: British documents and Indian materials. The British Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935 left an indelible mark on India’s 1950 constitution.
