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Classification of Acids
Any substance that tastes sour in water solution and changes the colour of specific indicators, reacts with some metals so that hydrogen can be liberated, reacts with bases to lead to the formation of salts, and promotes specific chemical reactions is known as an acid.
Acids are classified into the following categories :
1.Organic acids as well as Inorganic acids
Every sour product that is used in daily life and obtained from natural things contains acid in it. Such sour products are known as organic acids. Some of the common acids that are utilised in the laboratories usually are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid as well as sulphuric acid. These acids are called inorganic acids
2.Concentrated acids as well as Dilute acids
Acid is known as concentrated acid or dilutes acid based on the amount of acid present within the solution. Generally, both concentrated acids, as well as dilute acids, are used in laboratories. An acid is utilised as a solution in water. In case, a solution consists of a large amount of acid, it is known as concentrated acids. On the other hand, if a solution contains less amount of water, it is called dilute acids.
3.Strong acids and weak acids
The strength of an acid is measured through the number of hydrogen ions (H+) that are provided by acid within the water. Those acids which get completely dissociated to give hydrogen ions when dissolved into water are known as strong acids. For example, Nitric acid, Sulphuric acid, etc. In contrast, some acids get incompletely dissociated when dissolved into water. Those acids are named weak acids. For example, acetic acid, carbonic acid, etc.
Classification of bases
Any substance that is slippery to the touch, is bitter, changes the color of indicators (For example, turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts, and promotes specific chemical reactions (base catalysis) in water solution is known as bases.
Bases are classified as:
1.Mono acidic bases
Bases that are known to produce only one hydroxide ion in aqueous solutions are called mono acidic bases. For example NaOH, KOH, etc.
2.Di acidic bases
Bases that are known to produce two hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions are called di acidic bases. For example, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, etc.
3.Tri acidic bases
Bases that are known to produce three hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions are called tri acidic bases. For example, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, etc.
Properties of Acids
- Acids are sour.
- Acids are soluble in water.
- All acidic solutions can generate electricity.
- Acids tend to turn blue litmus red.
- Acids react with some reactive metals to form salt as well as hydrogen gas.
- Acids react with metal carbonates along with metal hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, carbon dioxide, as well as water.
- Acids react with the metal oxides to form salt and water.
Properties of Bases
- The base solutions in water provide a soapy touch. This is because when bases are dissolved in water, they produce hydroxide ions within the solution.
- The presence of ions as well as the aqueous solutions of bases are capable of conducting electricity.
- Bases are known to turn red litmus paper blue.
- Bases react with some active metals such as zinc on heating to form salt as well as hydrogen gas.
- Bases react with acids to form salt along with water. This reaction is known as the neutralization reaction.
Conclusion
Any sour substance that changes the colour of indicators, reacts with metal and bases to form reactions is known as an acid. An acid is categorised into six types namely Organic acids and Inorganic acids, Concentrated acids and dilute acids as well as Strong acids and weak acids.
On the other hand, a base is known as. a substance that is bitter and reacts with acids to form salts. Some properties of acids include their sour taste, solubility in water, capability to generate electricity, etc. Some properties of bases involve their soapy touch, ability to conduct electricity, reaction with acids to form salts and water, etc.
