Preparation of Hydrogen Gas

Hydrogen gas is the most abundant element in the universe. The sun and all the other stars in the universe are mainly composed of hydrogen. As per research, 90% of the stars present in the universe are all made up of hydrogen. The composition of hydrogen is in majority compared to any other compounds. Also, on earth, water is an abundant compound made of hydrogen. Hydrogen is an essential part of many substances including alcohols, oils, acids, cellulose, starch, sugar and so on.

The element consists of a diatomic value H2 and is nonpoisonous, tearless and odourless gas at ordinary temperature. The majority of the presence of hydrogen on earth is in molecular forms like organic compounds or water as the H2 gas forms covalent compounds with the majority of the nonmetallic elements readily.

Methods of preparation of Hydrogen Gas.

There are multiple steps involved in the preparation of the Hydrogen gas. Hydrogen shows resemblance to halogen and alkali metals and can be thus stated as a unique element. The gas forms many hybrids and other compounds and is thus a reactive metal. Plants and animals contain a considerable amount of hydrogen gas. The H2 gas can be prepared in three following methods :-

• Preparation of the H2 gas by laboratory method

• Preparation of H2 gas by the method of commercial preparation

• Industrial preparation of  H2H2 gas

Preparation of the  H2 gas by laboratory method:

The preparation of the hydrogen gas by the method of the laboratory has been described below:-

This is the most preferred and the most frequently used method in the preparation of hydrogen gas. When the granulated zinc is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid the production of hydrogen gas takes place. It is a procedure that is generally followed in the production of hydrogen. The preparation of the hydrogen gas can also take place when zinc is reacted with aqueous alkali.  

Preparation of H2 gas by the method of commercial preparation: This is one of the popular methods of preparation of hydrogen gas. Some of the below-mentioned methods are used in the preparation of the H2 gas by commercial preparation,

• Using the platinum electrodes when the acidified water has been electrolyzed the production of hydrogen takes place.
• By electrolyzing the warm aqueous barium solution in-between the electrodes of nickel the high purity hydrogen is obtained.
• In the presence of some catalyst, when the stream reacts with hydrocarbons at an increased temperature the formation of hydrogen takes place. For instance, at 1270K, when methane reacts with water during the presence of nickel, the production of carbon monoxide and water takes place.

The mixture of carbon monoxide and water is known as water gas. Also referred to as syngas or synthesis gas, this water gas is used during the synthesising of methanol and various other hydrocarbons. Sewage, sawdust, scrap wood and other related materials are used in the preparation of the synthesis gas.  

• Industrial preparation of  H2 gas:

The catalytic steam-hydrocarbon process is an essential method used in the production of hydrogen gas. To form hydrogen and carbon oxides, at a high pressure of 650 degrees to 950 degrees Celsius, the gaseous or vaporised hydrocarbons are treated with steam.

The primary products that are obtained will be further processed in various ways based on the desired application of the hydrogen gas. Under elevated pressures, the non-catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons is another important process in the production of hydrogen.

The following are the uses of hydrogen (Dihydrogen):

• Further used in the production of nitrogen fertilisers as well as nitric acid, the synthesis of ammonia is done by the usage of hydrogen.
• The vanaspati manufacturing process is done by dihydrogen through hydrogenation of vegetable oils like soya beans, cotton seeds and so on.
• Manufacture of metal hydrides, the use of dihydrogen takes place.
• Used in preparation process of a useful chemical, hydrogen chloride.
• The use of dihydrogen takes place in the process of metallurgy for the reduction of heavy metal oxides to metals.
• The use of dihydrogen takes place as rocket fuel in space research.

Conclusion:

Hydrogen is the most abundant metal in the universe. The gas has various methods of formation. Also, hydrogen gas owns immense benefits that start from the food industry and go on up to space research.