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The gas constant, denoted by the letter R, is a physical constant that is quantified in energy units every mole of temperature rise. The words ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, and gas constant are all interchangeable. The Boltzmann constant is the same as the gas constant, however, it is expressed as the pressure-volume product but instead of energy per temperature increment per particle.
Statement
The molar gas constant, the gas constant, and the universal gas constant are all names for the ideal gas constant. For the ideal gas law, this constant is expressed as and is a constant of proportionality (a constant number multiplied solely on a single side of a proportional relationship and makes it equal).
The ideal gas law is.
Where;
This proportionality constant is determined by the units used for one of the other elements in the ideal gas law equation. The following are some examples of popular values for
This value is closely connected to Boltzmann’s constant (multiply Boltzmann’s constant by Avogadro’s number to get the ideal gas constant): ().
Specific Gas Constant
The Particular Gas By dividing the molar gas’s constant by the molar volume of a gas or mixture, the constant of that gas or mixture is computed.
By dividing the particular gas constant by the molecular mass of the gas or mixture, it may be connected to the Boltzmann constant, exactly as the Universal gas constant.
Mayer’s relation is another fundamental thermodynamic equation linked to the specific gas constant.
Difference between the universal gas constant and the characteristic gas constant
Universal gas constant vs characteristic gas constant Gas Constant vs Characteristic Gas Constant | |
Universal gas constant is only applied for an ideal gas. | A characteristic gas constant is applied for a real gas. |
Universal gas constant is calculated using standard temperature and the pressure (STP) values. | Characteristic gas constant is calculated with STP values along with the molar mass of real gas. |
Universal gas constant will be independent of the gas taken. | Characteristic gas constant will be dependent on the gas. |
The value of universal gas constant | The value for the characteristic gas constant will always be dependable on the gas. |
Dimensional Formula of Universal Gas Constant
The dimensional formula of Universal Gas Constant
Where,
- M = Mass
- L = Length
- T = Time
What is an Ideal Gas?
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas made up of a large number of randomly moving point particles with no interparticle interactions. Because it obeys an ideal gas law, a streamlined equation of state, and is susceptible to statistical mechanics analysis, the ideal gas notion is valuable.
Ideal gas laws
- Boyle’s law: a law stating that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume. ;
- Charles’s law: a law stating that the quantity of an ideal gas at continuous volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. ;
What is real gas?
A real gas is one that defies the rules of physics under all normal pressure and temperature conditions. The gas deviates from its ideal behaviour as it becomes bigger and more voluminous.
The real gas law equation is given as
Where;
are gas constants.
Difference between ideal and real gas
Parameters of Comparison | Ideal Gas | Real Gas |
Definition | Under all pressure and temperature circumstances, an ideal gas obeys all of the gas laws. | The gas laws can only apply to real gases when the pressure is low and the temperature is too high. |
Movement of Molecules | In an ideal gas, molecules are free to flow and do not interact with other particles. | Interparticle contact can occur when molecules in a real gas clash with one another. |
Volume Occupied | In relation to the entire volume, the volume filled by an ideal gas is little. | When compared to the entire volume, the volume that could be occupied by a genuine gas is significant. |
Pressure | The pressure of an ideal gas is quite high.. | A real gas’s actual pressure is lower than an ideal gas’s pressure. |
Forces present | In a perfect gas, there are no intermolecular forces of attraction. | In a genuine gas, the forces are either attractive or repulsive. |
Conclusion:
The numerical value of R may be calculated using the volume occupied by 1 mole of the gas at a given pressure and temperature. R’s exact size may easily be deduced from the equation. The gas constant, denoted by the letter R, is a physical constant that’s also expressed in energy units every mole of temperature rise. The words real gas constant, molar gas constant, or universal gas constant is now all interchangeable. The Boltzmann constant is the same as the gas constant, however, it is expressed as the pressure-volume combination instead of energy per temperature increment for each particle.
