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Aqueous solutions, that contain water and an acid or a base, have a pH which is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions. The pH scale is from 0 to 14, with 0 being an acidic solution and 14 being a basic solution. A neutral substance has a pH of 7, but any substance that has an electrical charge will have different dissociation constants depending on its hydroxide ionization constant as well as its molecular composition. In contrast to everyday chemistry, in chemical equilibrium theory every atom and molecule must find their own place in order for chemical reactions to take place without disrupting or disrupting equilibrium.
What are Acids?
Acids are compounds that can accept hydrogen ions, and in the process, undergo chemical reactions. Acids offer two types of bonds, i-bonds and d-bonds. The former bond is formed by a sulfur atom bonded to oxygen in the form of a sulfate ion. An example of an acid is HCl (hydrochloric acid), which has a hydrogen atom bonded with chlorine, hence sulfate and hydroxide ions.
What is the Equivalent Mass of Acids?
Equivalent mass is the amount of a substance that is equivalent to one mole of 18.0 grams. Equivalent mass is the amount of matter in grams that contains the same number of elementary entities as in a given sample of a substance or compound. It is critical to have an accurate measure of equivalent mass since it helps scientists determine the amounts and concentrations of chemicals used in their experiments.
For example, the equation below shows how to calculate equivalent mass from molarity:
Mass (g) = molarity (M) x Normality
The Importance of Equivalent Mass of Acid as it relates to Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions are generally governed by kinetic laws; they go where they go based on the given concentrations and their k values. When the reactants are present in excess there is no overall change in the concentration of the product. In an acid-base reaction, both the products and reactants are usually in excess. Acid-base reactions go to completion and always result in a change of state, because with their high concentrations, more than one percent of any product will remain as a residue, even with the addition of water. When two acids react with water to produce a salt and water, this process is known as neutralization. Acid and base reactions involve adding or removing an H+ ion from an acid or a base respectively. Pure acids have pH values that provide complete dissociation; hence they can donate a proton to another compound (a base).
Significance of Equivalent Mass of Acids
The equivalence of acid and base can be used to determine the concentration of a chemical substance. A sample with a low equivalent mass of acid, or a high equivalent mass of base, may be considered to be dilute or concentrated respectively. The equivalence of acids and bases can also be used to calculate molarity, which is the measure of the strength or weakness of an acid or base. Molarity is simply equal to the number of moles per kilogram (which equals grams per mole) in an ideal solution. This method is used in determining quantitative concentrations through the use of pH values. The term molarity is used to describe the strength or weakness of a solution.
The Equivalent Mass of Acid depends on
– The Base and the Acids used : When two acids are mixed together to make a salt, their combined molar masses will be different. For example, if HCl and HC2H3O2are mixed together in water, the resulting salt will have two different ionization constants for each acid because each acid has its own pi electrons that can stabilize an ionic bond with hydrogen ions from water.
– The Kind of Acid and Base : The interchangeability between acids and bases is affected by their pK values. Acids have smaller values than bases and vice versa. For example, CH3COOH and HCl have the same pK a /pH=10. However, the kind of acid or base used is significant in calculating equivalent mass values.
– The Substitution of Hydrogens : Substitutions between hydrogen and other elements can affect equivalent mass calculations as well.
Conclusion
This article will highlight the Equivalent Mass of Acid along with its functions and its significance. Aqueous solutions, that contain water and an acid or a base, have a pH which is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions. The pH scale is from 0 to 14, with 0 being an acidic solution and 14 being a basic solution. A neutral substance has a pH of 7, but any substance that has an electrical charge will have different dissociation constants depending on its hydroxide ionization constant as well as its molecular composition. In contrast to everyday chemistry, in chemical equilibrium theory every atom and molecule must find their own place in order for chemical reactions to take place without disrupting or disrupting equilibrium.
