Profile
Settings
Refer your friends
Sign out
In the physical chemistry section of chemistry, the equivalent mass of acid is the most commonly used word and one of the fundamental notions. In other terms, the mass of a substance that may displace 1.008 grams of hydrogen, 8.0 grams of oxygen, or 35.5 grams of chlorine is known as its gramme equivalent or equivalent weight. To get the equivalent weight, divide the substance’s atomic weight by its valence.
The comparable weight of oxygen, for instance, will be 16.0 g / 2 = 8.0 g.
The equivalent mass of an acid formula or base in an acid-base reaction is always equal to the amount of mass that supplies or reacts with one mole of hydrogen ion (H+). The equivalent weight of the substance in the redox reaction is the mass that supplies or reacts with a one-gramme mole of electrons (e-) produced in the redox reaction. It has a unit mass dimension that differs from the atomic mass, which is dimensionless. The equivalent mass of the acid substance can be calculated using an experiment and the molar mass of the material.
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid are examples of powerful acids.
Acetic acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and carbonic acid are all examples of weak acids.
Types of acids
Hydrochloric acid (a hydrogen chloride solution found in gastric acid in the stomach that activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in vehicle batteries), and citric acid are all examples of aqueous acids (found in citrus fruits). Acids (in the colloquial sense) can be solutions or pure substances, and they can be generated from acids (in the strict[1] sense) that are solids, liquids, or gases, as these examples demonstrate. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, however, carboranes and boric acid are exceptions.
Acetic acid
HC2H3O2 is the chemical formula for acetic acid.
Ethanoic acid is also known as CH3COOH or AcOH.
Vinegar contains acetic acid. Acetic acid is found in vinegar in amounts ranging from 5% to 20%. The most common form of this weak acid is liquid. Just below room temperature, pure acetic acid (glacial) crystallises.
Boric acid
H3BO3 is the chemical formula for boric acid.
Hydrogen orthoborate is also known as acidum boricua.
Boric acid is a disinfectant that can also be used as a pesticide. It usually comes in the form of a white crystalline powder. A familiar similar chemical is borax (sodium tetraborate).
Carbonic acid
CH2O3 is the chemical formula for carbonic acid.
Aerial acid, acid of the air, dihydrogen carbonate, and dihydroxyacetone are some of its other names.
Carbonic acid is a solution of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water). This is the only acid that the lungs expel as a gas. Carbonic acid is a moderately strong acid.
Citric acid
H3C6H5O7 is the chemical formula for citric acid.
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid is another name for it.
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that derives its name from the fact that it occurs naturally in citrus fruits. The acid is commonly used in food as a flavouring and acidifier. The flavour of pure citric acid is acidic and sour.
Hydrochloric acid
HCl stands for hydrochloric acid.
(Also known as salt spirit, chloronium, and marine acid)
Hydrochloric acid is a powerful acid that is transparent and highly corrosive. A muriatic acid is a diluted form of it. The chemical has a wide range of industrial and laboratory applications. Muriatic acid used in industry is often 20 to 35 percent hydrochloric acid, while muriatic acid used in the home is typically 10 to 12 per cent hydrochloric acid. The acid found in gastric juice is HCl.
Hydrofluoric acid
HF stands for hydrofluoric acid.
(Also known as fluorhydric acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen monofluoride, and hydrogen monofluoride)
Despite its great corrosivity, hydrofluoric acid is classified as a weak acid since it rarely dissociates entirely. Because the acid eats glass and metals, HF is kept in plastic containers. If hydrofluoric acid is spilt on the skin, it penetrates through soft tissue and attacks the bone.
Nitric acid
HNO3 is the chemical formula for nitric acid.
Aqua fortis, azotic acid, engraver’s acid, and nitro alcohol are some of the other names for this substance.
Nitric acid is an extremely powerful mineral acid. It is a colourless liquid in its purest form. Decomposition into nitrogen oxides and water causes it to turn yellow over time.
Oxalic acid
H2C2O4 is the chemical formula for oxalic acid.
Ethanedioic acid is also known as hydrogen oxalate, ethanedioate, Acidum oxalicum, HOOCCOOH, and oxalic acid.
Because it was first isolated as salt from sorrel, oxalic acid was given its name (Oxalis sp.). Green, leafy foods have a high concentration of acid.
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4 is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid.
Acidum phosphoricum is another name for orthophosphoric acid, which is also known as trihydrogen phosphate.
Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid that can be found in cleaning products, chemical reagents, rust inhibitors, and dental etchants. In biochemistry, phosphoric acid is also important. It’s a powerful acid.
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4 is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid.
Battery acid, dipping acid, battling acid, Terra Alba, and oil of vitriol are some of the other names for this substance.
Sulfuric acid is a very corrosive mineral acid. It may be coloured dark brown to alert people to its composition, even though it is generally clear to slightly yellow. Sulfuric acid causes chemical and thermal burns as a result of the exothermic dehydration reaction.
Conclusion
Equivalent weight is a mass rather than a weight. Weight is the gravitational attraction on a mass, while mass is the amount of substance in it. We can swap weight and mass since we’re simply dealing with different chemical compounds on Earth and we’re dealing with chemistry. For this lesson, we’ll use the term equivalent weight (EW), which has a general formula of
Equivalent weight= molar mass/n number of equivalent
