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Chemical bonds are the important part of the elements that determine the properties and physical, chemical, and biological properties of an element. Chemical bonds are the strongest, if not the strongest, bonds in the world. A chemical bond is also the weakest bond, as an element can be easily separated from its molecular compound.
Types of Chemical Bonding
Chemical bonds are the forces that hold molecules together. All chemical bonds are classified according to the nature of the interactions that occur between the atoms or molecules that are connected. There are five types of chemical bonds in chemistry, which includes;
- Ionic bond
- Coordinate bond
- Metallic bond
- Covalent bond
- Hydrogen bond
Ionic, covalent and metallic are the three major types of chemical bonds. These three types of bonds can be found in many different areas of chemistry, such as in molecules, electrolytes, colloids, and solutions.
What is Coordinate Bond?
In the last decades, the use of coordinate bonds has gained more attention in the field of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. This work reports the synthesis of a new class of macrocyclic tridentate ligands containing coordinate bonds. The first of these ligands were synthesised using a strategy based on the preparation of a N-O coordinate bond.
Coordinate bond is a bond that is formed by sharing of electrons from a single atom. Their name derives from having either one covalent bond or several covalent bonds that share a common coordinate. In organic chemistry, the most common coordinate bond is a single bond between a carbon atom and a nonmetal atom, such as a hydrogen atom.
The bonds in an atom are called coordinate bonds (or covalent bonds), because they are formed by a single pair of electrons coming from a single atom. This type of bond is a directional bond, where the electrons that form the bond are located on two different atomic nuclei.
An example of a coordinate bond is the relationship between a hydrogen ion and an electron pair between hydrogen and the ammonia molecule when the ammonium ion is formed by the transfer of a proton ion to the pair of electrons in the ammonium molecule.
Bonded coordinates or coordinate bonds are defined as σ-bonding interaction between the electronegative atom (σ is the Pauli exclusion principle) and the π-electron system of an aromatic ring. Coordinate bonds are present in compound molecules like acetylene and sulphur dioxide.
Characteristics of Covalent Bond
In a covalent bond, two atoms share an electron pair; each atom essentially takes responsibility for one of the pairs. The shared pair’s negative charge is then exactly cancelled by the positive charges in their nuclei.
The shared electron pair is like the third wheel in a romantic triangle: it makes both partners feel wanted. A shared electron pair is more stable than two electrons flying solo—it has lower energy. And when two atoms form a team to get that lower energy, they form a molecule—a covalent bond—and they are chemically bonded together.
Properties Of Coordinate compounds
They have lower boiling and melting point than ionic compounds.
When electrons share, they do so in a definite direction, and thus, they are directional bonds.
Coordinate bonding is weaker than Ionic bonding.
Some of these compounds can be described as having isomerism.
Coordinate Bond Examples
Ammonium ion: In ammonia, the nitrogen atom gives its electron pair to the empty orbital of the H+, thus nitrogen is the donor and H+ is the acceptor.
Hydronium ion: Hydronium ion is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H3O+. It is a colourless gas at room temperature, but is often encountered as the salt (an acid [H+] cation) hydroxide, OH-, also known as hydroxide anion, -OH. Hydronium ion is the ionic form of hydrogen, which is the most common form of the element on Earth. When a chemical loses its water, it becomes a hydronium ion.
Ammonia Boron Trifluoride complex(- H3N→BF3): Ammonia boron trifluoride (BHF3 ) is a colourless white gas at room temperature and pressure. It is one of the most reactive non-fluorine compounds known and is corrosive to most materials. It is a potent greenhouse gas and an extremely powerful oxidiser and explosive. Ammonia boron trifluoride is used primarily as a cleaning and degreasing agent and in manufacturing other chemicals.
Conclusion
Coordinate bonds are present in chemical reactions such as those found in the formation of acids, bases, and salts. These bonds are formed when a metal atom has a formal charge in tetrahedral coordination surrounding it. The metal atom is at the centre of coordination.
