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There are a total of four Anglo-Mysore Wars. The third and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war held between the alliance of Nizam of Hyderabad and Marathas with the East India Company i.e. the war was fought between the Britishers and the Kingdom of Mysore. The Third Anglo-Mysore war was from the year 1790 to 1792 in South India and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war was from the year 1798 to 1799 at the same location, this war ended with the death of Tipu Sultan.
The Third Anglo-Mysore War
The third Anglo-Mysore war occurred in the year 1790-1792. The conflict between Tipu Sultan and Britishers led to the war. Both Tipu Sultan and the Britishers were focusing to establish their political power over the Deccan (it is a large plateau in southern India situated between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats). To handle this conflict between the Treaty of Mangalore was not enough. Travancore, for East India Company, was the only source for pepper and Tipu Sultan attacked Travancore, which was the immediate cause of the Third Anglo-Mysore war. As the governor-general of the East India Company Cornwallis came to India the third contest between Mysore and Britishers took place.
Causes of Third Anglo-Mysore War
- One of the targeted enemies of the British Government was Tipu Sultan. To fight against the British, Tipu sent his ambassadors to ask for a foreign alliance in Turkey and France in the year 1789. This was an immediate threat to Britishers; as a result of this Cornwallis declared war against Tipu Sultan. Travancore, for East India Company, was the only source for pepper and the chief enemy of Tipu during the Malabar conflict were provided with shelter there and Tipu Sultan attacked Travancore, this was the immediate cause of the Third Anglo-Mysore war.
- Tipu won the first attack by the English Government. As a result in the year 1790, Cornwallis along with Nizam and Marathas (in the war against Tipu Nizam and Marathas agree to help the British Government) declared war against Tipu. For the next two years, Tipu fought alone against them. Tipu Sultan had to co-operate with the English Government for peace as he was defeated by them in the first phase of the war.
Consequences of Third Anglo-Mysore War
- Tipu handed over half of his kingdom to allies and a part of his kingdom to Nizam. Some part of the kingdom was also captured by Marathas by extending their boundaries.
- To the British government, Tipu Sultan had to pay Rs. 3 Crore as insurance or indemnity. Coorg, Malabar, Baramahal, and Dindigul were captured by the British. Until Tipu could pay the whole amount to the British, he had to surrender his two sons to the British.
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was held in the year 1798-1799. This war was between the East India Company and Hyderabad Deccan against the Kingdom of Mysore. This was the last battle or war of Anglo-Mysore wars in which the Tipu sultan died.
Causes of Fourth Anglo-Mysore war
- The situation turned worst after the third Anglo-Mysore war. The Treaty of Seringapatam was not enough to cool the situation between the English Government and Tipu.
- Governor-General Lord Mornington of the English government declared immediate war on Tipu because Tipu Sultan aligned with France which was a threat to the British Government. As Tipu aligned with France, the British Government from all four sides attacked Mysore.
The northern part of Mysore was captured by the Marathas and Nizam. The troop of Tipu was reduced to one-fourth as compared of the enemy, during this time Tipu was lacking manpower.
Consequences of Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
- The capital of Mysore was captured by the British
- Tipu Sultan died in this war
- Indirect control over Mysore was taken by the British by putting back Wadiyar dynasty to Mysore’s throne, and all the advice was put on by the British commissioner for the issues occurring there
- With the British government, Mysore entered into a subsidiary alliance Until 1947 Mysore remain as a princely state and then with the Union of India it was joined
Conclusion
The third Anglo-Mysore war occurred in the year 1790-1792. The conflict between Tipu Sultan and Britishers led to the war. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was held in the year 1798-1799. This war was between the East India Company and Hyderabad Deccan against the Kingdom of Mysore. This was the last battle or war of Anglo-Mysore wars in which the Tipu sultan died.
