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The First Anglo-Mysore war was the start of the Anglo-Mysore war series. This war took place in South India from the year 1767 to 1769. The First Anglo-Mysore war was between the East India Company and the Sultanate of Mysore. The second Anglo-Mysore war took place in South India between the East India Company and Sultanate of Mysore from the year 1780 to 1784.
The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769)
In the region of Mysore, a Hindu kingdom under Wadiyars emerged in the year 1612. There was rule of Wadiyar dynasty from1734 to 1766 by Krisnaraja Wadiyar II. Haidar Ali became the real ruler of Mysore who was previously appointed in the army of Wadiyars. He had excellent administrative skills and are aware of military tactics. Under Haidar Ali’s leadership, Mysore appeared to be emerging in the second half of the 18th century. The things that threatened the commercial and political interests of the English were Haidar Ali’s control over the Malabar coast’s rich trade and the proximity of Mysore with the French. The English signed the treaty with Nizam of Hyderabad convincing him to hand over them the Northern Circars for protecting Nizam from Haidar Ali, and Haidar Ali previously had disputes with Marathas. All of them allied together against Haidar Ali. As a result of all these, the First Anglo-Mysore War took place.
Without any result or conclusion, the war continued for a year-and-a-half. By causing complete panic and chaos at Madras. Haidar changed his strategy and appeared before the gates of Madras. These activities of Haidar Ali insist the Britishers conclude the Treaty of Madras with Haidar on 4th April 1769. British promised Haidar Ali that they would help him if he was attacked by any other power.
The consequence of the First Anglo-Mysore War
The Treaty of Madras was concluded by the British Government with Haidar on 4th April 1769, and the English Government promised Haidar Ali that they would help him if he was attacked by any other power. Each other’s territories that were conquered during the war were returned to each other.
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)
The British did not follow the Treaty of Madras as was said before that they would help Haidar Ali when any other power attacked him. But in 1771 when Mysore was attacked by the Maratha army, the British did not help Haidar. In terms of fulfilling the army requirements like saltpeter, guns, and lead; Haidar Ali found that the French are more resourceful in case of these. So, through Mahe, he started importing war materials from the French to Mysore. The friendship between the French and Mysore became strong gradually, which was a concern for the British, So they tried to capture Mahe who was under the protection of Haidar Ali. As a result, Haidar Ali declared war on the British in the year 1780.
During the war Haidar Ali formed an alliance with the Maratha; in Arcot, they together defeated British forces. As Haidar Ali died in the year 1782, the war was continued by Tipu Sultan, son of Haidar Ali. With the Treaty of Mangalore by Sir Eyre Coote, the war was inconclusively ended.
Treaty of Mangalore
The second Anglo-Mysore war continued for a very long time, and both sides became tired and decided to sign a treaty called Treaty of Mangalore in the year 1784 March. Each other’s territories were reinstituted by both sides.
The consequence of the Second Anglo-Mysore war
As the Treaty of Mangalore was signed by both sides in the year 1784, therefore each other’s territories and prisoners were agreed to return to both parties respectively.
Conclusion
It is to conclude that the Treaty of Madras was concluded by the British Government with Haidar on 4th April 1769, and the English Government promised Haidar Ali that they would help him if he was attacked by any other power. Each other’s territories that were conquered during the war were returned to each other. As the Treaty of Mangalore was signed by both sides in the year 1784, therefore each other’s territories and prisoners were agreed to return to both parties respectively.
