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Savannah is a vegetation type of growth with an open tree canopy, this vegetation grows under hot and dry climates. Savannah belongs to a large region of Africa, Australia, India, Thailand, Myanmar and South America. During the era of Cenozoic, 66 million years ago Savannah originated due to a lack of rainfall in those regions. Grasses are the most dominant plants in Savannah. Savannah generally grows in Tropical regions 8° to 20° from the Equator; it has a large variety of plants and animals because of adoption in new climates.
Savannah Biome
Savannah has a hot and dry season in most of the year, rainfall occurs in one to two months in a year. Rainfall occurs in October to March in the Southern Hemisphere and September to April in the Northern Hemisphere. Annually rainfall is generally 80 to 150 cm and in the central region, it is lower than 50 Cm. Dry or hot season is longer than the wet season; it varies from 2 months to 11 months. In the dry season, the temperature goes up to 20 to 30° C. Savannah Biome is Subdivided into three categories such as Thornbush, Dry and wet. Dry climate in savanna stays for 5 to 7 months. Wet season in Savanna stays for 3 to 5 months. Alternative Subdivision Woodland of Savan contains trees and shrubs that form a light Canopy. Shrubs, Trees and Grasses are scattered. Savannah is a biome that is defined as unique vegetation and animal life.
This is a grassland biome that consists of very few trees and open grasslands. Savannah Biome is subdivided into two regions one is Tropical savannah and another is Semi-tropical Savannah. Savannah includes animals such as elephants, Giraffes, Cheetah and Lions. Savannah is an open glass gland with an open canopy that requires Camouflage and mimicry for the survival of these animals. Savannah biome is located on every continent except Antarctica. Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is one of the famous African Savannas. This national park is popular for its large Wildebeest and population of zebras and also a home for Hippos, elephants, Leopards and lions. Other locations that Savannah includes include Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Australia, Central America and South America.
Flora in Savannah
Savannah Biome is defined as grasslands due to a lack of water and rainfall. The number of trees is less and it makes it an open grassland with Trees or clusters of trees. Due to the lack of Water Xerophytic characters are present in the plants of this biome. Trees and grasses are adapted to the climate of little water and hot weather. Grasses in Savanna have special characteristics: they grow faster in the rainy season when the water is abundant and become brown in hot water for conservation of water. This unique type of adaptation is especially found in flora of Savanna Biome. These trees store water in their roots and lose leaves in hot seasons for reducing water loss by Transpiration. Flora of savannah includes Wild grasses, Shrubs, Oak trees and Baobab trees. Most of the grasses in Savannah grow in patches and consist of scattered trees due to less rainfall. Grasses include Rhode’s grass, start grass, lemongrass and oats grass. Acacia trees are interesting plants that have the shape of an Umbrella. Baobab trees are mostly eaten by Giraffes. These trees have nutritious fruits and have hard woody shells. Candelabra is also a unique tree found especially in Savanna. It is a toxic plant that is covered with a milky tax converting into toxic and caused Keratouveitis. Elephant Grass is a large monocot and is an important fodder plant for dairy farmers.
Fauna in Savannah
Savannah biome is a home for large mammals that include lions, giraffes, elephants, hippos and leopards. Fauna of Savannah is well known for its large size and ability to Camouflage. Other animals of the Savanna biome include Antelopes, Meerkats, kangaroo, baboons, snakes and Ostriches. Savannah consists of rare species of animals that are found in the hot climate and low rainfall. Most of the Savannah animals are grazing as it has large grassland and other includes carnivores. Predators must have the ability to camouflage to catch prey. Snakes include rattlesnakes that easily blend with the sand due to the sandy colour of their skin. Grant’s Gazelle is a type of Antelope especially found in the Savanna biome. Caracal is a wild cat that has a home in African Savanna and the size of these cats are two times bigger than the normal cats. African Pygmy Falcon is a haunting bird found in African Savannah.
Conclusion
Savanna biome is grassland with an open tree canopy that includes large mammals and animals that can camouflage. This biome is spread all over the world from Africa, America, Australia, India and Myanmar. In dry seasons lightning and strikes result in fire. Human settlement in Savanna controlled burns is used for clearing cultivation land. Largest Savannah biome is located in Africa. The Savannah biome covers more than 50% of the mainland of Africa that measure more than five million square miles. Savanna biome is a great source of grasses for feeding dairy cattle all over the world.
