Introduction 

In recent years a rapid decline in poverty ratio has been found from approximately 55% in 1973 to around 36% in 1993 and recently it came down to 26% in 2020 and with proven trends it may come down below 20% in the next few years. “Poverty” is described as a state of lack of a socially acceptable amount of material poverty that exists when people fail to fulfil their basic needs. This phenomenon is as old as human history but changes over time with different modes of economic production. Cyclical poverty is a kind of poverty that is widespread throughout the population. 

Discussion 

Regional Structure and trends of Poverty

Poverty is a great challenge for the country of India, which creates a barrier against development as a whole. A poverty-stricken region can be identified with a divergent pattern compared with the developing and populated areas in a poor country. Measuring the poverty trends and proportion is a vital thing to improve the economic growth of the country. Poverty can be defined as a basic income line of the region where people from there are hardly able to meet their basic needs daily. It may be due to the lack of resources, and poverty of a region can be classified into several types, such as social, nutritional, and cultural. According to the official method, “Tendulkar poverty line”, regional poverty goes down from 2012 to 2020 from 21.9% to 20.8%.  In the present arena, out of 17, 5 rural states are below the poverty line yet, to improve the structure of regional poverty, the rural ministry has been focused to accumulate new opportunities for increasing the income and making the availability of basic daily needs to the people.

Regional and national poverty trends

The global and regional poverty trend of India can be measured easily while comparing it with some neighbouring countries. A positive scenario has been developed throughout several types of research, that China and India were experiencing extreme poverty in past decades. Through the initiatives to resolve the poverty issues, ministries came forward, and as a result, it came down with a measurable amount. In order to compare with the global poverty trends, nearly 26 countries in Africa are experiencing increased poverty trends from 2010 to 2020. Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan faced extreme levels of poverty. As per the survey report, in 2021, nearly 66% of regional populations around the world belong under the poverty line. 

Global poverty trends

In 2021, an estimated 698 million people around the globe are experiencing extreme poverty, due to the increasing demands and lack of resources. The daily income of those in the global region is less than $1.90 per day, it is quite impossible to provide nutrition to all the family members. The global poverty line has been classified into high volume poverty, which is earning at least $3.21 per day, and low volume poverty refers to the people who are earning $0.50 per day. Global economic downturn increases the global poverty trends rapidly from 2019 to 2021. The novel coronavirus around the world caused a great financial loss for every country, which increased the poverty line by around 50 million. However, the ministries of each country together try to recover the tantrums in the national economy. But this diverse cultural implication slows down the growth of development. According to the government regulations and merging policies, the companies are trying to expand the opportunity for the employees to earn more and improve their economic level.

Causes of Poverty in India

Increased population is one of the main reasons behind increasing poverty in India. Last 45% has an increased population ratio of 2.2% per year. Average 17 million people are added to the population per year, which raises the demand for food, shelter, clothes and education. Increasing demands result in increasing prices of basic needs thus ultimately a huge number of people fail to fulfil their basic needs and are counted below the poverty line in India. Less productivity in Agriculture is another major reason as with increasing population demand for foods also increase shortage in food production ultimately results in price rise. Productivity in agriculture is low due to subdivided and fragmented holding, use of traditional methods and lack of Capital. Unemployment is the main cause of poverty in India. The number of job seekers is increasing because of the expansion in employment opportunities. Between 2019 and 2020 the number of poor people or people below the poverty line increased by 50 million due to Covid-19 Pandemic.

Conclusion  

It is a difficult task to omit poverty as total outputs of goods and services are distributed equally. It will still be insufficient to provide for the entire population of India. Poor is becoming poorer due to steep price rises and it is beneficial to people with high incomes. People living in poverty are most vulnerable in society as they have the highest infant numbers. In relation to poverty, 70% of people in India below the poverty line live in rural areas. Poverty has important structural dimensions such as age, gender, caste and regional backgrounds.