India is known as the second-highest populated country in the world. The total population in India is around 1.38 billion in 2020. In this country, the population is highly uneven. As an example, Arunachal Pradesh is a state in which the population is around 13 per square kilometer. On the other hand, in Delhi, it is around 9294 per square kilometer. The population of India is equal to 17.7% of the population of the world. 

 Trends and Patterns in the structure of the population: Literacy

The population of India is highly uneven because some places in this country are not suitable for living. The population growth rate in India is around 1% per year. The growth of the population rate can be harmful to any country. A rapidly increasing population may cause job deficiency and a low level of living. India is considered an overpopulated country in the world. Although this country is considered as a developing country in the world, according to a report by World Poverty Clock, the poverty rate in this country is around 6%. In other words, it can be said that 84 million people in India are living in poverty. Literacy is only the way to control the population rate of any country. A highly growing population may cause unhygienic ways of living which can lead to several kinds of diseases also. Proper development of a child is not possible in a large family. Also, the proper supply of food cannot be possible. Lack of nutrients can lead the child towards harmful diseases. 

 Literacy Rates in India

The current Literacy rate in India is 75%. Among all the states in India Kerala is in the number one position in terms of literacy. The literacy rate of Kerala is around 93%. After Kerala, Delhi can be counted in the second position in terms of literacy. Bihar is in the last position in India in terms of literacy. The current literacy rate of Bihar is around 63 percent. According to the census in 2011, Aizawl is the highest literate city in India followed by Kochi and Thrissur. The literacy rate in Aizawl is around 98.36 percent. Rampur is a city which is situated in Uttar Pradesh, which is considered the lowest literate city in India. The literacy rate of Rampur is around 60.74 percent. The literacy rate of males in India is around 82.14% and the literacy rate of females is around 65.46%. The literacy rate of rural and urban areas in India is nearly 68.91% and 84.98% respectively. In rural areas, the literacy rates of males and females are around 78.57% and 58.75% respectively. Meanwhile, in urban areas, the literacy rates of males and females are nearly 89.67% and 79.92% respectively. Apart from Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, and Hyderabad are five megacities with literacy rates 89.73%, 887%, 90%, 88%, and 83% respectively. 

Population density

The position of India in terms of population is two in the world. About 1.38 billion people are living in this country. The density of population in this country was 464 per square kilometer in 2020. In 2021, this number was converted into 423 per square kilometer. From 2020 the population density has decreased to 0.97%. In 2011, the population density was 382 per square kilometer. The population density of India has increased 15.11% from 2011 to 2021. 

According to census 2021, Bihar is the densest population state in India. On the other hand, Arunachal Pradesh is the state which contains the lowest population density in this country. The population density in Bihar is around 1106 per square kilometer whereas in Arunachal Pradesh this number is around 17 per square kilometer. 

The Goal of total literacy

The government of India has started a literacy scheme which is known as “Padhna Likhna Abhiyan”. According to the education minister of India Ramesh Pakhriyal, this scheme is going to achieve the goal of total literacy in this country within 2030. Students of several areas in India will encourage illiterate people of all ages to teach under this scheme. A highly growing population is a very big problem in this country. Total literacy is the most appropriate solution to this problem. Apart from that, literacy also can improve the quality of life as well as the community. Also, several types of crimes can be decreased with the help of increasing literacy.

Conclusion

India is facing a huge problem in terms of population growth. In rural areas, the population growth is more significant than the urban areas. The main reason behind that is lower literacy in rural areas. The government of India is taking several kinds of steps to increase the percentage of literacy. Literate people can think about the future of their children. The proper ways of growth of a child can be followed only by a literate person. Students in India also should take steps to increase the literacy rate as well as awareness.