Transgenic Technology

Introduction

Transgenic techniques refer to typical techniques through which an organism is engineered by inserting the foreign gene into it. However, modifying the genetic mechanism of such animals is used for human welfare as a disease model. In this context, this overall assignment is going to discuss the concept of transgenic technology and its typical methods of creating transgenic animals. It has also discussed the knockout technology and its impact and also the benefits of recombinant DNA technology for various research purposes that not only enhance research methods, also it is very much fruitful to human welfare. 

Use of Transgenic Technology for Improving Quality

In transgenic technology, inserting the foreign gene into the host DNA, the particular role of gene or group of genes is critically observed through their overexpression or under-expression. Transgenic technology helps to improve the quality of the nutrients within the animal products by increasing their quantity and their composition and however, it helps to provide more nutritionally beneficial products. 

Transgenic Animal Technology

There are three typical methods through which the transgenic animals are constructed and those methods are: DNA microinjection, Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer, and Retrovirus mediated gene transfer. In the case of DNA microinjection, using the direct microinjection method, a target gene is constructed using the same species or any different species, and the whole formation is done into the fertilized ovum. In this method, the inserted DNA is expressed as a new gene expression or it may create over-expression, However, this is a random process and that’s why there is a high chance that the introduced gene will not be inserted properly. In the case of stem cell-mediated gene transfer, it is mainly applicable for mice and however, it helps to define the mutation into the genes. In the case of the third typical method, retroviruses are used as a vector to transfer the target genes using their ability to infect the host cells. In this method, all offspring cannot be able to carry retrovirus. 

Transgenic and Gene Knockout Technology

Gene knockout method is a traditional and most trusted method through which the role of a particular gene or group of genes is critically analyzed. A gene is normally a functional part of a DNA encoded with a specific protein. In this process, a gene is inactivated either by eliminating the sequence of the DNA or by introducing a change sequence into it, which easily inhibits the normal function of a gene. After that, the particular gene is inserted into the model organism and keeps it from growing. After a few days, either phenotypic variation can be seen in the model organism or various biochemical phenotypes can be observed and this is the main concept of the gene knockout technology. Gene knockout technology not only helps to observe the role of a particular gene, moreover but also helps scientists to monetize and control the effect of such genes. Knockout methods are mostly used in making genetically modified organisms such as GM animals and bacteria through which various medicines can be developed for treating severe life-threatening diseases. 

Genetically modified organisms are Corn, Soybean, BT Cotton, BT Brengle, Summer Squash, and so on.  

Recombinant DNA Technology and Transgenic Animals

Using recombinant DNA technology, the recombinant cells are produced by inserting foreign genes into the host DNA. There are various advantages of Recombinant DNA technology and those benefits include the improvement of oncogenic research, research regarding the increased fertility purpose, production of vaccines. Using this technology, scientists can recognize the difference between normal cells and cancerous cells and however, they can identify the target genes which are responsible for the uncontrolled growth of the cells. Another benefit of recombinant DNA technology is the production of human insulin, which is almost identical to pancreatic insulin. However, this kind of recombinant insulin is used as the safest and purest form of insulin for treating diabetic patients. Moreover, it helps to increase the immune response of the body by producing vaccines against a foreign antigen. 

Conclusion 

From doing the overall assignment, it can be said that transgenic techniques are highly effective techniques that enhance biomedical research and its methodology. Using recombinant DNA technology for the production of transgenic animals, not only emphasizes medical science and technology but also helps to cure life-threatening diseases. Human insulin is one of the important applications of transgenic technology through which diabetics can be treated as similar as pancreatic insulin. However, it can be said that transgenesis is highly influential for human welfare. This kind of genetic technology has great importance for medical research and innovation.