RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

All living forms consist of cellular structures including bacteria, plants, and animals. All those living organisms contain one or more cells and single-cell organisms are called unicellular. Multicellular organisms consist of more than one cell including fungi, all plants, and the animal world. Two types of cells exist in the world; those are Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells. 

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can be defined as organisms that have no nucleus and other enclosed membrane organelles whereas a eukaryotic cell consists of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells have a single type of RNA polymerase. Due to complex organisms, there are major differences between RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Discuss Prokaryotic RNA polymerase 

RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes act distinctively different from each other. RNA polymerase is majorly associated with prokaryotic transcription. In a prokaryotic cell, there are five subunits present in the holoenzyme of prokaryotic RNA polymerase. Those subunits are α (two copies), β, β’ and ω formed from the RNAP enzyme accountable for RNA synthesis. They can be recognized by the specific sets of promoters with which these transcription elements are coherent.

Therefore, there are some catalytic subunits present in the RNA polymerase for instance β’, β, α, and ω. β’ is considered to be the largest subunit and carries a significant part of the active function of the RNA polymerase in a prokaryotic cell. The smallest subunit refers to ω subunit and functions as a facilitator in the arrangement of RNAP and balances the arranged RNAP. The sigma factor is considered as an initiation element that helps to bind with the catalytic center of prokaryotic RNA polymerase.

Discuss Eukaryotic RNA polymerase 

The eukaryotic cell is a multicellular and complex organism so naturally, the transcription type is more complicated than a prokaryotic transcription. To transcribe a particular type of RNA, various types of RNA polymerase are associated with this process. For further progress, three major types of RNA polymerase were subjected to the transcription process. RNA pol I transcribe the rRNA, RNA pol II transcribes mRNA, and RNA pol III causes the transcription of tRNA, rRNA 5s, and various small RNAs. Therefore, these facts support that RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes regulate their transcription process differently.

Difference between RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Nature of Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells do not include a nucleus and eukaryotic cells are typically large compared to prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cells Organisms are known as eukaryotes including fungi, animals, and plants. Also, Eukaryotic cells obtain several organelles along with the nucleus. The organelle refers to mitochondria, such as supplying power to cells. Organelles are defined as vacuum storage substances within a cell. This permits eukaryotic cells to contain more cell particularity than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes which refer to a protein-making structure of a cell. 

Let us differentiate between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Conclusion

Therefore, this paper concludes with a detailed discussion about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotic cell was first discovered by Robert Hook and his fellow researcher Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic differences have been discussed and support some facts including Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no other membrane-bound organelles. Hence, the transcription of a prokaryotic cell occurs by RNA polymerase. Prokaryotes consist of unicellular type RNA polymerase with multi subunits. Additionally, RNA polymerases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes function differently, as they execute transcription with the help of different types of sigma factors binding to the enzyme. Whereas, RNA polymerase of a eukaryotic cell comprises multicellular enzymes to assist the transcription process. There are three types of RNA polymerase present in eukaryotic cells; those are RNA pol I, RNA pol II, and RNA pol III. Those RNA polymerases are related to transcribe rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA.