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Introduction
DNA is a part of Molecular Biology that is a long molecule that contains the various genetic codes of living organisms. It also holds proteins that instruct our bodies to do things according to the genetic code. The genetic characteristics in the passing generation are seen by this molecule. It has two strands that hold the hereditary material of humans from one generation to another. Topoisomerase plays a significant role because it is a class of enzymes that reduce DNA’s super-coiling. It also breaks and re-joins both or one strand that is found in a molecule of DNA. The helical twists are also removed by this Topoisomerase.
Topoisomerase
It is a ubiquitous enzyme that governs the interconversions of topological DNA. It also plays a vital role in different aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. The Topoisomerase is altered to assist in the supercoiling of double-stranded DNA. It is a legation step of the cell cycle that generates apoptotic cell death. It mainly blocks this ligation step that leads to the death of cells.
There is a protein gathered from Escherichia coli. It is a monomeric protein clam that is the main function of DNA replication, recombination and transcription. It is a bond of DNA that does not migrate into SDS polyacrylamide that is a chosen experimental condition in the science laboratory. The topological problems are solved by this by recognising different phenomena in DNA’s replica process. It gives a great impact on gene activity that is a huge change in the state of DNA.
Structure of Topoisomerase
It is a crystal structure, a huge fragment that is a yeast type of DNA. It is a heart-shaped dimeric protein that has a large central hole. It is a type of molecular model that is related to enzymes. It is also an ATP modulated clam that has two sets. These sets are opposite sides of jaws that are connected by multiple joints. Bound DNA carries an enzyme that admits as a second DNA duplex through one set of jaws. It works as a transportation medium through a cleaved first duplex that expels in jaws sets. This process brings sex genetic characteristics from one generation to other.
Linking Number of DNA
Linking number is a property of topological DNA. it is summarised as the sum of twists and writhes. The number of strands, when turned around another strand, is referred to as a twist. It is an overlapping condition of one DNA strand over another. On the other hand, the inter-colling of the double helix in DNA is called writhe. In this regard, it is preferred that there are a number of times when DNA is crossed.
One strap wraps the other in DNA that plays a significant role in gene characteristics establishment. It is a supercoil that is difficult to understand in Molecular Biology. DNA Writhe is an important coil because it arranges DNA. This Writhe has two dimensions: interwound and overwound. The interwound is referred to as coil because in this condition DNA strands are overall other strands but in the second condition, the strands are overwound by other strands that make a supercoil that is a complex compound made in DNA.
The axes are bounded by all the areas that carry genetic codes of humans that are transferred from one generation to another by biological reproduction processes. In the situation where both ends of DNA are joined, the linking number of DNA remains unchanged. It becomes zero in number in the case of a circular molecule of DNA. In case if it wants to change the linking number, it is crucial to break the DNA strands. This strand break is functioned through Topoisomerase. It can be possible when to Twist and Writhe both can be interconvertible. It is a distortion condition that includes twists that can convert writhe. However, it is proof that both remain the same in the conversion process.
Importance of DNA Topoisomerase
DNA topoisomerase is used to decrease gene activity that is a temporary single-strand break that is type 1 or double-strand break that is type 2. The mechanism of this process included transient formation that is an ester bond. It is a bond between a tyrosine residue and enzymes of DNA molecules. In the completion of the process, the original phosphodiester bond and the enzymes are released from the DNA. Type 1 topoisomerases are classified into 1a and 1b enzymes. It all depends on protein attached at 5-phosphate or 3-phosphate continuously.
Conclusion
It is concluded from above that DNA is a complex bonding of the human body. It has a two-strand that overlap each other. This overlapping break is known as Topoisomerase. The linking numbers of DNA give information about how many times the strands are overlapping with each other.
