DIFFERENCES IN TRANSCRIPTION

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are two different parts of molecular biology. Fundamentally both prokaryotes and eukaryotes perform the same procedure of transcription. Whereas, the important and key difference lies in the nucleus bound membrane in Eukaryotes. The main highlights aspect can be considered as the genes are bound within the nucleus. Similarly, transcription occurs within the nucleus of the membrane, and mRNA transcripts are transported via cytoplasm. In both transcription procedures, the RNA plays a keen role and supplies the template, and hence both eukaryotic and prokaryotic start producing the molecules of RNA.

Transcription process of Prokaryotic

The “prokaryotic transcription” only takes place in the cytoplasm and both translation and transcription take place simultaneously. During the “transcription” process “RNA” gets released and simultaneously cytoplasm begins to process the same. “Prokaryotic transcription” does not require any external “replications” for examples proteins while the transcription process begins initially.

Transcription process of Eukaryotic

Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the nucleus while the translation process takes place in the cytoplasm. Apart from that both translational aspects and transcriptional aspects do not take place simultaneously; rather it takes place in different intervals. The process of releasing RNAs begins after the processing is done in the nucleus. “Eukaryotic transcriptions” require external replications to support the process and proteins are required for transcription. Similarly, protein plays a very vital role in order to start the transcription process and enhance the pathway by minimizing the risk factors involved. 

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcriptions

The “prokaryotic transcription” only takes place in the cytoplasm and both translation and transcription take place simultaneously. During the “transcription” process “RNAgets released and simultaneously cytoplasm begins to process the same. “Prokaryotic transcription” does not require any external “replications” for examples proteins while the transcription process begins initially.

However, Eukaryotic transcriptions take place within the nucleus, and simultaneously the translation process takes place in the cytoplasm. Apart from that both translational aspects and transcriptional aspects do not take place simultaneously; rather it takes place in different intervals. Simultaneously external factors may help to process and function properly. 

Characteristics and importance of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

“Procaryotic cells”

• Absence of nucleus

• Organelles may be present in limited quantity

• Polysaccharide is present 

• Covered with the help of appendages

• Single-cell is present

• Circular in nature after looking from a microscope

• The irregular shape of the nucleoid

• Mostly have extremophiles

“Eukaryotic Cells”

• The nucleus is present within the membrane of the cell

• Mitochondria is present inside the membrane

• The cell wall is the final layer

• There is division in various parts of the cells

• Presence of various organelles within the cell

Considering the various aspects of size prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells and the minimum size of prokaryotic cells may have diameters that may range from 0.5 μm to 5 μm therefore they can not be visible with naked eyes. Apart from that, the largest cell may have a diameter up to 750μm. Plasma membrane helps to create a shield between the cytoplasm and the external environment 

Properties/ characteristics of Prokaryotes

• No presence of the nucleus

• Lacks in organelles

• Covered with an external cell wall

• Presence of slim layer of polysaccharide

• The surface is covered with appendages

• Unicellular in nature

• Circular DNA structure

• The irregular shape of the nucleoid

• Mostly have extremophiles

Properties/ characteristics of Eukaryotes

• Presence of nucleus within the membrane

• Presence of mitochondria within the membrane of the cell

• The locomotors organs in the eukaryotic cells are known as cilia and Flagella

• The cell wall is the outer layer and no other external layer is present

• Mitosis is the process that can divide the cells

• Numerous organelles are present within the cell for example apparatus of Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, and many more.

Conclusion

In order to conclude the brief discussions on the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells; Prokaryotic cells are smaller in nature and cannot be seen with the naked eye.  Examples of prokaryotic cells include microorganisms and bacteria that are not bound on any membrane organelles. Eukaryotic cells are bigger as compared to prokaryotic cells and they can be seen on various fungi, plants, and animals. However, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells play a keen role in the transition of information.