Polio

Introduction

Polio is a virus that is mostly seen in children and hence is very harmful to the future of human beings if not controlled. In most of the cases, legs and hands are affected by this virus. To prevent infection of this virus, the polio vaccine is given to children from the infancy stage so that their body can generate antibodies to fight infection of this virus. There are different types of tests such as PCR and “Virus in cell culture” that are conducted to diagnose the presence of this virus in the human body. PCR test is one significant test and hence is necessary to understand the steps utilised and characteristics of this test.  

Polio

Polio is a life threatening disease that disabled body parts of the affected individual. The causal agent is poliovirus that spreads from person to person and also infects the spinal cord resulting in the body part paralysis. The infection from poliovirus results in the development of flu-like symptoms that include sore throat, tiredness, fever, nausea, stomach pain and headache. The serious symptoms include the infection in brain and spinal cord that may result in paresthesia, meningitis and paralysis. Paralysis is considered as the most severe symptom as it is irreversible in most of the cases and results in a disabled limb or body part. In certain cases, polio is also considered to be fatal. The treatment programs include pain relievers, bed rest and portable ventilators. 

Polio vaccine

As a preventive measure, polio vaccines are used, which are given as shots. The dosages of such shots are dependent on the person’s age. Oral polio vaccines are also used as a preventive measure. Inactivated, attenuated and scheduled polio vaccines are used in medical cases while emphasising on polio education or awareness programs. After two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), 90% or more of people generate protective antibodies against all three serotypes of poliovirus, and after three doses, at least 99 per cent of people are immune to poliovirus. Oral polio vaccinations were easier to give than IPV since they didn’t require sterile syringes, making them better for mass vaccination efforts. With the attenuation process, OPV also offered longer-lasting immunity since it delivers both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The WHO recommends OPV vaccination at birth, followed by a primary series of three OPV doses and at least one IPV dose commencing at 6 weeks of age, with a minimum of four weeks between OPV doses in countries with endemic polio or where the risk of imported infections is high.

Polio vaccine in India

In 1988, India signed a resolution calling for the eradication of polio worldwide, which was ratified by the World Health Assembly. National Immunisation Day (NID), also known as the Pulse Polio Immunisation program, began in India in 1995 and is held twice a year in the early months. Additionally, in high-risk states/areas, numerous rounds (at least two) of sub-national immunisation day (SNID) have been done over the years. Polio drops are given to children aged 0 to 5 years during these campaigns. During each NID, almost 170 million children are immunised, with 77 million receiving vaccines during SNID. Since 1997, a laboratory network has been monitoring for poliovirus transmission through acute flaccid paralysis (AFP Surveillance). Oral polio drops are given to all children under the age of five as part of a standard immunisation program.

Word Polio Day

World Polio Day (October 24) is a chance to highlight global efforts toward a polio-free world and to celebrate those who have worked tirelessly to eradicate polio from every corner of the planet. CDC collaborates with partners to eradicate polio and put an end to the suffering caused by this dreadful disease through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI).

Conclusion 

According to the topic, it has been concluded that the poliovirus is harmful to the human body, which affects the whole body. However, this virus has fewer thinking criteria of the human and understandability also less by this virus. The health organisation has kept the various technicians to find out the small particles from the DNA. There have been various steps to diagnose the virus, which is very important to know the steps to separate the DNA particles. Types of PCR methods have been discussed and characteristics have also been discussed on this topic that better understand the PCR methods.

Conclusion 

According to the topic, it has been concluded that the patients have been affected by poliovirus, and they are developing paralysis. Along with this, the mentioned virus mostly affects children. Furthermore, in order to derive tests for this virus there are certain facilities such as PCR and “Virus in cell culture” available. However, this virus is considered as a life-threatening disease that paralyses the body parts and the breathing system. In addition, the concerned virus spreads through contaminated water or food and infected person salvia. Moreover, the symptoms of the mentioned virus are not visible at an early stage.