Science and Technology – Roads

Science and Technology have improved and enhanced the quality of roads in India and a lot. With the increase in technologies and modifications in existing technologies that science has brought, roads are now established with much more convenience. India is a vast country, and the country’s economic development is heavily reliant on transportation. In India, the road is among the essential modes of transportation. The road network is critical to the country’s overall development. India’s road network is one of the world’s largest and second-largest road networks.

Types of Roads in India

In India, roads are classified into various types. The types of roads in India are primarily classified based on the country’s various regions. In India, roads are classified as follows. For the developmental process of a country’s various areas, there has to be an efficient and well-planned network of roads connecting various cities, towns, and villages. Urban roads are critical to the growth of the city. The urban road has an impact on the efficiency of such urban areas. With science and technology –roads are now classified into many types. These types are as follows:

• Expressways
• National highways
• State Highways
• District Roads
• Major District Roads
• Other District Roads
• Village Roads 

Expressways

• Expressways are roads with more than one lane. High-speed vehicles can travel on expressways.
• The Department of Road Transports and Highways is in charge of the Expressway’s construction and maintenance.
• The first road in India is the Delhi-Noida Direct Flyway, which connects the cities of Delhi and Noida.
• The Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway expands to become one of India’s largest expressways.

National Highways

• National highways are highways that connect India’s major cities. The National Highway System also connects state capitals.
• They typically have widths ranging from 7 m to 15 m and connect the main cities of numerous states throughout the country.
• They play a critical role in connecting the network to transport people and goods.
• They can accommodate both quick and heavy traffic.

State Highways

• State highways are highways that primarily connect the state’s major cities.
• They are roads with widths ranging from 7 m to 10 m that connect national highways and district locations throughout the state.
• They can handle medium to high-speed traffic. State and national highways have the same design speed and road construction specifications.
• The responsibility and authority for building and maintaining state highways rest with state governments. 

District Highways

• District roads connect each district location to the Taluka location.
• The width of district roads typically ranges from 5 to 8 meters.
• The speed limit of vehicles on district roads is significantly lower than the speed limit on highways. The traffic on district roads is generally moderate.
• The responsibility and authority for constructing and maintaining district roads rest with the Zilla Parishad. The state government provides resources for the construction of district roads.
• The divisional road also connects to state and national highways.
• District roads are divided into main city roads and minor district roads. Other District Roads connect to City Roads as well.

Village Roads

• Village roads are the roads that connect any town to the district roads.
• The town roads are kaccha roads or earthen roads and only see light traffic. It links to the city’s various roads.
• A village road aims to connect villages or groups of villages to the nearest higher-category road.
• Village roads play a central role in the growth of rural areas.
• Most village roads are constructed with a lane width of stabilised soil or gravel. Local district authorities are responsible for the maintenance of rural roads.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is an Indian government initiative to provide good road infrastructure to poorly connected villages. This scheme was initiated in the year 2000, and at that time, the prime minister was Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The major aim of this Yojna is to give quality roads to all country villages. The Central government funds this scheme. 

Bharatmala Projects

After the National Highways Development Project, the Bharatmala Pariyojana was billed as India’s second-largest highway construction project. The road network being built as part of the centre’s flagship Bharatmala projects are expected to facilitate faster cargo movement and increase international trade, among many other things.

Conclusion

Given India’s federal system of government, the science and technology –Roads of the Indian system is conducted by various authorities. Images of three-dimensional HDTVs, mobile phones, and other sleek digital equipment are likely to have come to mind if people reckon about the rapid technological innovations. Photographs of the road they drive to work or school every day, or the garage they park their car in at night, are far less likely.