Diarrhoea

This study discusses the disease named diarrhoea which is caused by other diseases like gastroenteritis and food poisoning and infects the intestines. Diarrhoea is a symptom where the patients pass watery, loose and unformed faces. This caused huge water loss in the body which resulted in hydration in the body. These conditions resulted in two forms, acute and chronic diarrhoea. This study is discussing different causes which resulted in this situation in the body. Diarrhoea is stopped or controlled by following some processes like taking tests and having bland diets and avoiding spicy, high-fat foods. This study discusses the meaning and definitions of the disease which is named diarrhoea. In each year 525,000 children die due to this disease in less than five years. 

Meaning of Diarrhoea  

The meaning of diarrhoea in Hindi is “dast” and this symptom is defined as “a condition in which faces are discharged from the bowels frequently and is a liquid form”. There are some other symptoms that are seen in this disease such as vomiting, weight loss, nausea and abdominal pain. This condition is also called “Dehydration” as a huge water loss is seen due to excess watery faces and vomiting. This disease is also defined as a situation of “abnormal frequent intestinal evacuation with more or less fluid stools”. Diarrhoea is an intestinal disorder that is characterised by abnormal fluidity and frequency in the evacuations of fiscal. The person who is suffering from diarrhoea is facing dehydration due to frequent fluid loss in the body. 

This loss of fluid has resulted in dehydration in the person and they are filled with nausea and vomiting. Besides this as a result of dehydration are seen less stretchiness in the sink and a fast heart rate in the person. The risk group of this disease is all aged people as this can affect all aged people but the most affected group is kids. The presence of blood in the stool during diarrhoea is known as “dysentery”. 

Types of Diarrhoea   

There are three types of diarrhoea that are seen generally and those are; acute watery diarrhoea, chronic or persistent diarrhoea and acute watery diarrhoea. The acute state lasts for several days but the chronic phase lasts for more than 2 weeks. Each year nearly 1.7 billion children are affected by diarrhoea in the whole world. In acute watery diarrhoea, the condition lasts for several hours or days. This condition also includes cholera in the patients who are suffering. Acute bloody diarrhoea is known as dysentery which also lasts for a few days. Chronic or persistent diarrhoea is lasting for 14 days or more than that. 

During these all conditions there are seen a condition which is caused by the lack of electrolytes and water in the patient’s body. 

There are three degrees of dehydration in the patient’s body are seen; severe, some and no. in severe dehydration there the patient is faking unconsciousness, unable to drink and skin pinch. In some dehydration conditions, the patients face restlessness, thirst and sunken eyes. There is another stage where the patient does not face dehydration and this is known as no dehydration. 

Causes of Diarrhoea 

There are several cases of diarrhoea is seen, 

Infection: diarrhoea is caused by bacterial, viral host and parasitic organisms and those are spread in the water by contamination of faces. The two most common etiological pathogens are, “Rotavirus” and “Escherichia coli” and those caused severe and moderate diarrhoea in low-income countries. Some other pathogens which also cause diarrhoea are “Cryptosporidium” and “shield”. 

Malnutrition: children who die of diarrhoea most of them are suffering from malnutrition which makes the diarrhoea more vulnerable. Diarrhoea in these malnourished children makes them weaker and more undernourished. Children who are lower than five years are leading malnutrition in those who are suffering from diarrhoea. 

Source: contamination of water which is consumed by humans is another main cause of diarrhoea. This contamination happens with human faeces from septic tanks, sewage and latrines. Besides this, the faeces of animals are also causing contamination in the water which has resulted in diarrhoea in the people. 

Other causes: the disease also spreads person-to-person and this is caused by poor personal hygiene. Foods that are consumed are another major cause of this disease which are prepared in unhygienic conditions. Unsafe use of the water in domestic work also causes diarrhoea. Unhygienic stores of food and water and unhygienic handling have caused diarrhoea many times. Seafood and fish from the pollutants in the water also cause diarrhoea in people.  

Conclusion 

It is concluded diarrhoea is such a condition that is caused by different ways and paths and most commonly in the contamination process. The most affected and targeted risk group of this disease is the children who are younger than five years. The disease has three types in which the most critical conditions are chronic and dysentery. Besides all this the situation is preventable and the key process of prevention is personal hygiene. Health education, improved sanitation, and rotavirus vaccination are helping to prevent the disease. Treatment of the disease is rehydration which means giving ORS solution. Giving zinc supplementation, nutrient-rich foods and personal hygiene is the tract of diarrhoea.