physical and chemical methods

Introduction

Microorganisms are the key source for diseases and result in the infection of fatal diseases. There are various methods of disinfection from microorganisms. They can be understood as physical and chemical methods. Both live and dead microorganisms can be removed by applying physical and chemical methods. In the physical methods, various processes remove the causes of disinfection such as heat, filtration and radiation. Filtration is used for the disinfection of large amounts of microorganisms in the form of fluid.   Chemical methods of disinfection involve using gaseous and liquid chemicals. Chemical methods include ozone, ultraviolet light, chlorination and chloramines.

Disinfection

Disinfection is the process of reduction in the number of fatal microorganisms, bacteria, fungi or viruses to the desired concentration. There are several methods under the physical and chemical methods for control. Sterilization or overall elimination of microorganisms may not be needed in all circumstances. Under chemical methods of disinfection, it uses disinfectants for killing germs, and bacteria on surfaces, objects and other places. Different disinfectants are used for disinfection however a single disinfectant cannot kill the entire types of germs. Physical methods of disinfection involve heat, radiation, filtration for cleansing the bacteria and viruses from a surface or objects.

Physical and chemical methods   

The physical agents for the disinfection process utilized the methods of ultraviolet light, gamma-ray irradiation, electron beam, sonification, heat and filtration. Physical agents such as light, heat, radiation and pressure can be applied with water for achieving changes that can be utilized as the process of disinfection. These physical processes do not involve the direct chemical additions, but disinfection resulting from the chemical reaction takes place within the components of physical agents. In chemical methods, ozone, chlorination, and chloramines are primary methods for disinfection. Furthermore, the process of sterilization is a popular sort of chemical method of disinfection. Sterilization damages all microorganisms, documented transmission of bacteria are associated with insufficient sterilized items. In context to chemical agents, hypochlorite are the most widely used disinfectants under the chlorination methods. 

Virus assays in physical and chemical methods

Viruses can be assayed by physical and chemical techniques. Physical and chemical measures of virus assay involve a process of virus quantification and include serologic assays, hemagglutination assays, polymerase chain reaction and negative staining. Viruses generate only within living things. The virus presence is more in the animal bodies than the plants and trees. Possible pathogen animals that are susceptible to the virus are rabbits, rats and mice. Today’ modern science provides for four major methods of detection of viruses such as scanning, checking, interception and integrity. Identification and satisfaction of viruses are very significant for the virus assay through physical and chemical methods. Hemagglutination is the popular and most used physical method of virus assay; it helps in identifying the suspected virus and detecting the corresponding antibodies. It uses red blood cells for antigen. Under the chemical method of virus assay, Polymerase chain reaction helps to identify samples of the virus and helps in virus assay.

Microbial control: physical and chemical methods 

Microbial control refers to controlling the growth of microbes to inhibit microorganism growth. The key purpose of controlling microbes is to identify the risk related to the safety of food due to infectious microorganisms which are present in the manufacturing of food. The control process involves two methods which are: Physical methods which state the exposure of microbe to a maximum of cold and heat, lyophilization, osmotic pressure, filtration and radiation. Chemical methods imply that the utilization of chemical agents reduces the microbial population in order to keep the level safe and mitigate pathogens from an object. 

Conclusion

In context to the study, it concentrates on the chemical and physical methods of science. In regards to the study, it can be inferred that it provides a glimpse of microorganisms, viruses and the role of viruses in the physical and chemical methods of science. In general terms, it is considered that physical change is a process that has a probability or reversibility while the chemical method is not immune to reversibility. A further glimpse can be obtained by the study that it pivots on the role and significance of disinfectant, microbial control along with the different types of sterilization.