CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA

Bacteria have an extra circular of genetic information called a plasmid instead of a nucleus. On the plasmid, genes that provide the bacterium an advantage over other bacteria are usually discovered. It might, for example, contain a gene that makes bacteria resistant to a certain drug.

Bacteria may be found in many types of environments on Earth, including soil, rock, seas, and even polar snow. Some species, including humans, live in or on other organisms, including flora and fauna. In the human body, there are about 10 times this many bacterial cells as there are human cells. That so many of these bacterial cells could be found in the inner layer of the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria can be found in the soil or on decaying plant debris, where they play a vital role in nutrient cycling. Some varieties degrade food and harm crops, while others are essential in the creation of fermented foods like yogurt and soy sauce. Only a small percentage of bacteria are parasites or infections that infect animals and plants.

REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA 

Binary fission is used by the majority of bacteria to reproduce. The bacteria, which is unicellular, splits into two identical daughter cells throughout this procedure. Whenever a bacterium’s DNA differentiates into 2, binary radiation is produced (replicates). Afterward when, the microbial cells increase in size and separate into two daughter cells, each with the identical DNA as the cell nucleus. The parental cell is copied in each daughter cell. Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, may divide every 20 minutes when conditions are favorable, such as the correct temperature and nutrition. This means that in just seven hours, one bacterium may create 2,097,152 bacteria. After another hour, the total number of germs will have swelled to 16,777,216.

CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 

Classification based on shapes 

Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Size becomes a method to categorize them. There are three primary shapes to be aware of

1. Cocci are bacteria that are formed like a sphere, as well as a coccus is a lone bacteria. The streptococcus group, which causes “strep throat,” is one example.
2. Bacilli are rod-shaped organisms (singular bacillus). Most bacteria have a bent form. These are referred to as vibrio. Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), sometimes known as anthrax, is an illustration of a shaft bacterium.
3. Spirilla is the name given to these spirals (singular spirillum). Spirochetes are organisms that have an extremely tight coil. Bacteria of such a form induce leptospirosis, Lyme disease, & syphilis.

Other Bacteria 

Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, may divide every 20 minutes when conditions are favorable, such as the correct temperature and nutrition. This means that in just seven hours, one bacterium may create 2,097,152 bacteria. After another hour, the total number of germs will have swelled to 16,777,216. To address this unreliability, modern bacterial classification focuses on molecular systematics, which includes genetic techniques like genome-genome hybridisation, guanine-cytosine ratio determination, and sequencing genes which have not undergone large-scale lateral gene transfer, such as the rRNA gene. The International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, as well as Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, are used to classify bacteria. In the Worldwide Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB) maintains international guidelines for naming bacteria and taxonomic groupings, as well as ranking them.

SPIROCHETE 

A spirochaete or spirochete is a gram-negative bacteria belonging to the phylum Spirochaetes, which has long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraling, thus the name) cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic bacteria with lengths ranging from 3 to 500 meters and diameters ranging from 0.09 to at least 3 meters. Spirochaetes are distinguishable from other bacterial groups by the placement of their flagella, which are referred to as endoflagella or axial filaments. Endoflagella is fixed at the bacterium’s poles and protrudes rearward into the periplasmic region (between the inner and outer membranes) to prolong the cell’s length. 

The spirochaete twists, as a result, permitting it to travel throughout. Asexual transverse binary fission occurs when a spirochaete reproduces. The majority of spirochaetes are anaerobic and free-living, although there are a few exceptions. Spirochaetes bacteria differ in pathogenicity, ecological habitats, and molecular properties such as guanine-cytosine concentration and genome size.

CONCLUSION

Bacteria were first spotted in 1676 by Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who used his own single-lens microscope. He then wrote a series of letters to the Royal Society of London on his findings.   Leeuwenhoek’s most spectacular microscopic finding was bacteria. They were just beyond what his simple lenses could see, and no one else would see them for over a century, in one of the most striking gaps in the history of science.  His studies included protozoans, which he dubbed animalcules, and his conclusions were reexamined in light of more modern cell theory findings.