DEMOGRAPHY

Introduction

Demography is the study that defines the statistics depending on the human population. It is also useful for the governments as well as for the private business to analyse and to predict the social, economic, and cultural trends which are related to the population. Demographics define the size, composition as well as geographic distribution, and how people change due to mortality, fertility, and migration. It includes the vital registration system, censuses, sample surveys, and population registers. Three major components of demography are mortality, fertility, and migration that can determine as well as consequences of the population change.

Demography: Definition

Demography is a statistical study based on the human population. John Grant the father of demography first overview on this topic. Demographers seek to understand the population by using their dynamic investigation for three main purposes: birth, ageing, and migration, which all have a huge contribution to changing the dynamic picture in populations, including their societies, nations, and the developing culture. Five basic principles which can regulate this process are cohort effects and age period, balancing equation, population size, spatial distribution and composition, cohort progression, and disaggregation. 

Principles of demography

There are five basic purposes in demography topics which all have a huge impact on properly analysing and determining the consequences of the human population. These all are: size, geographic distribution, components change in human beings, composition, and population change. Balancing the equation of the population size, the composition, and spatial distribution, cohort progression are all the parts of demography. In between this fertility, mortality and migration are the three main principles by which demographers try to seek the basic cause of the human population and their behavioural changes. To achieve the basic knowledge about composition, size and the organisation of population is the aim of this purpose. 

Mortality

Mortality refers to the demographic usage, mainly the frequency of the death ratio in the human population as well as the unnatural deaths in certain groups. The mortality rate can calculate the death rate in a specific category and subcategory. For demographic purposes, it plays a vital role for the demographers to investigate the death cause and the ratio with that the proper cause of death.

Mortality rate = death/population* 10n

10n is the exponent highlighting mortality rate for every 10n individuals.

Fertility

Fertility is another principle that has a demography purpose which can help to identify the birth ratio and the major causes for the human population. The annual average population and indicates the product output of the reproduction all can be measured by using this demographic system. It also can distinguish the birth rates assuming no emigration and immigration occurs.

Total fertility rate= ASFR (Age-specific fertility rate)*5 / 1000

Migration

Migration is the study of demography purposes arising with various economic, social, and political reasons that cause for human behaviour and their census at different places where he/she is born. It also defines when the person migrates to different places for their activities. International migration affects the population directly by increasing the size and indirectly the overall number of future births. 

Examples and advantages of demography

The examples of demographic information are race, age, ethnicity, gender, income, marital status, employment, and education. Demography all time provides specific information about various kinds of social, cultural population and their age, gender, race. By using this data, most companies can drill their products into their ideal customer groups. Researchers also benefited by using this to properly analyse the whole demographic society’s details. 

Conclusion

Demographics is the study that is used to determine the demographic system related to the human population and define the size, composition as well as geographic distribution. This is also useful to identify how people can change due to mortality, fertility, and migration. These three principles refer to the birth ratio, death ratio, and its cause as well the migration purposes related to human beings. Race, age, ethnicity, gender, income, marital status, employment, and education are all the identification parts of demography and the demographers seek the proper reason and collect all the authentic information by using the demography system.