Diagnostic and therapeutic enzymes

Introduction

Enzymes are considered biocatalysts due to their extraordinary properties and use for medical diagnosis. For many decades medical research is going on enzymes like Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphates and Acid Phosphate etc. Enzymes of Therapeutic and Diagnostic applications are used for various purposes and they also help to quantify and detect certain substances. Enzymes have some unique characteristics which made them highly applicable for chemical transformation in the pharmaceutical industry. This also helps in de protection and group protection, selective deacylation and acylation, deracemization and selective hydrolysis. The majority of industrial enzymes are come from microorganisms.

Enzymes in Diagnostic Use

Enzymes are considered cellular damage markers. In the plasma certain amount of enzymes are present and this is basically used for investigating the heart, liver, biliary tract and skeletal muscle disease etc.

Diagnostic Classification of Important Enzymes

• “Biliary Tract Enzymes”
• Digestive Enzymes of the Pancreatic Origin
• Skeletal, Cardiac and Liver Enzymes

Table 1: Enzymes in Diagnostic Use

Enzymes in Therapeutic Use

There are some enzymes are available which is used for various kind of treatment of major diseases such as

• Trypsin peptidase, amylase,elastase, lipase and pepsin is basically used in chronic pancreatitis and GIT disorders

• Urokinase and Streptokinase are basically used in the myocardial infarction which dissolves purulent material or the clot

• Penicillinase has been used for that patient who has a penicillin allergy

• Hyaluronidase has been used for promoting drugs absorption which is injected subcutaneously

• Collagenase is basically used to clean up wounds and this process is done by removing dead tissues of severe burns and dermal ulcers

• Chymotrypsin is usually used in ophthalmology in terms of dissolving the ligaments of the lens at the time of extraction

• Bacteria asparaginase has been used for the treatment of leukaemia

Enzyme Therapy

This therapy is basically referred to major applications of enzymes in terms of treating several medical conditions and enzyme deficiencies in humans. Enzymes are assisted as food digestion in the human body; it also provides strength to the immune system. This also helps in body detoxification, muscle contraction, stress reduction and many others. In this aspect, this therapy has plenty of medical applications for providing the best treatment for cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency, lactose intolerance, metabolic disorder, tumours, cancers and dead tissue removal etc. This therapy can be nonsystematic or can be systematic and along with that enzyme therapy can be administrated through different administration routes. It is a core of medical treatment that replaces enzymes which is not sufficient in the human body.

Enzymes Application of Diagnostic

Enzymes are basically preferred as various disease markers and for this, there are few diagnostic applications that are also available that helps in this treatment facility or in diagnostic of patients. Those applications are:

• Blood Lipids
• Liver Function
• Diabetes
• Clinical Diagnosis
• POCT Bio-sensor
• Pancreas and Kidney Function

These applications are helping to cure patients. The enzymes applications help to speed up the biochemical reactions within living orgasm and that is able to extract from cells. After extracting it is used for catalyzing a wide range in the commercial process which is set on priority.

Conclusion

Enzymatic process has already replaced all conventional methods which are chemical-based in order to synthesise many “APIs” like “semi-synthetic” antibiotics, enantiomerically synthesis in the pure form of the amino acids and others. This process is also used in the therapeutic and diagnosis process for different purposes for identifying major issues in the human body. This also helps in the biotechnical process for a decade and the treatment facility has been improved in this aspect. This process helps to solve digestive problems and helps to improve the emulative system of the human body.