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RNA or Ribonucleic acid can be considered as a molecule that is similar to DNA, which is single-stranded. RNA can be classified into three main categories that are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA is an RNA molecule that is single-stranded which can be considered as complementary to one of the DNA strands in a gene. On the other hand, this type of rRNA in which the primary component is ribosomes can be transcribed from ribosomal DNA. tRNA or transfers ribonucleic acid is an RNA molecule that is used in decoding a messenger in DNA sequence and transfer into protein. By the end of the article, an analysis about the structure and function of mRNA, rRNA, tRNA could be gained.
Structure and function of mRNA
Structure: The structure of messenger RNA is short as well as stable and they are single-stranded RNA. In addition to that, this RNA is corresponding to a gene that is encoded within the DNA.
Function: Messenger RNA acts as the intermediary between the DNA and its protein. It is used by ribosomes in order to synthesise a protein that it encodes directly.
This single-stranded RNA can be considered as an RNA version of the gene when it leaves its cell nucleus. After that, they move to the nucleus and cytoplasm but the protein that is being synthesised in the organelle works as drivers towards the mRNA. At the time when the ribosome is in the mRNA, it reads the base sequence. This way they use a genetic code and translate it off the triplet 3 Baseplate of codon and correspondence of amino acids are formed. This type of RNA is found in cells and mostly they are made of cytoplasm they are translated to the nucleus as translation machinery. The machinery that binds in the proteins in the mRNA is also a protein and is encoded within the gene. Therefore, it can be said mRNA can be transcribed from the DNA for one gene and that can help them in making specific portions that can bind them together within the gene.
Structure and function of rRNA
Structure: The structure of the ribosomal RNA or rRNA is longer than messenger RNA and they are stable unlike the previous type of RNA. On the other hand, these molecules consist of the 60% mass of the ribosome.
Function: this type of RNA plays one of the most important functions at the time of cell division and protein synthesis. They help in ensuring the proper alignment of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome and stabilising the amendment at the time of protein synthesis. Therefore, they help the protein synthesis to conduct in a stable way. In addition to that, they also help in catalysing peptide Bond formation about amino acids for strong bonding.
Structure and function of tRNA
Structure: The structure of transfer RNA or tRNA is short and consists of 70-90 nucleotides and in addition to that, they are stable just like ribosomal RNA. There are extensive intermolecular base pairings that make these RNAs more stable. On the other hand, these RNAs contain a binding site that is made up of amino acids along with mRNA binding sites.
Function: This type of amino acid plays a vital role at the time of protein synthesis. These are in carrying the current amount of amino acid and the write amino acid that is needed for protein synthesis. It helps in reaching the right amino acid in the ribosome and as a result, Protein synthesis takes place properly. Mutation can happen in tRNA as well as in rRNA and that can result in global problems, related to cell division.
Conclusion
As per the above analysis, it can be concluded that there are three types of RNAs. These are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). These RNAs are directly related to the protein synthesis within the cell and help in DNA translation as well as replication. In addition, the structure and function of mRNA, Trna and rrna could be deduced as well.
