Structure and Biochemical functions of Vitamins

Introduction

Vitamins are those organic compounds that are required by an organism but these organic compounds are not synthesised by that organism. Studies have shown that Vitamins are essential for our overall growth and development. These chemical compounds keep our immune system strong and thus protect us from diseases.

Vitamins

Vitamins are micronutrients that the body needs to perform a variety of typical tasks. These micronutrients have to be acquired by a body in one way or the other, as they are not created by our bodies and thus, must be obtained from the food items we eat.

There are thirteen recognized vitamins along with their biochemical functions:

• Vitamin A

Vitamin A is important for the formation and maintenance of healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin. Because it creates pigments in the retina of the eye, it is also known as retinol. Vitamin A improves vision, especially in dim light. It also aids in a healthy pregnancy and lactation.

• Vitamin B1 ( Thiamin )

Thiamin (vitamin B1) helps the body’s cells convert carbohydrates into energy. The fundamental role of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body, particularly the brain and nervous system. Muscle contraction and nerve signal transmission are two more functions of thiamin.

• Vitamin B2 ( Riboflavin )

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) interacts with the other B vitamins. It is necessary for the development of the body. It aids in the formation of red blood cells. It also assists in the energy release from proteins.

• Vitamin B3 ( Niacin )

B3 Vitamin helps in keeping cholesterol under control and also makes your brain work faster.

• Vitamin B5 ( Pantothenic Acid)

Studies show that basically what converts the food we eat into energy and is necessary for making blood cells.

• Vitamin B6 ( Pyridoxine)

Studies show that Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine helps maintain amino acid levels in your body.

• Vitamin B7 ( Biotin )

Biotin or vitamin B7 is known to excel in the appropriate function of the nervous system and is also known to help in liver metabolism.

• Vitamin B9 (folic acid )

Vitamin B9 or folic acid is known to aid in the production of DNA and RNA.

• Vitamin B12 ( Cobalamin )

Vitamin B12 is required for the production of red blood cells and DNA. It also plays an important role in the formation and function of brain and nerve cells.

• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid )

All bodily tissues require vitamin C, commonly known as ascorbic acid, for growth, development, and repair. It helps with a variety of biological activities, including iron absorption, immune system function, wound healing, cartilage, bone, and tooth preservation.

• Vitamin D

Vitamin D is produced in the human body in response to sun exposure. A person can also boost their vitamin D intake through certain foods or supplements.

• Vitamin K

Vitamin K helps to make and form various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones. Vitamin K is essential for our body as it strengthens our bones.

We can distinguish Vitamins basically into two types: Fat Soluble and Water Soluble.

Fat Soluble

Vitamins that are fat-soluble are absorbed together with the other fats in the food you eat. They’re absorbed together with the fats and deposited in your body’s fat cells and liver when this happens. ‌

Vitamins that are fat-soluble can persist in your body for a long time. They may be stored in your body’s fat for up to six months before your body requires them. ‌

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are the most important fat-soluble vitamins in your diet. Each one has a specific purpose and may be found in a range of foods.

Water Soluble

Water-soluble vitamins do not have the same long-term effects as fat-soluble vitamins. They are not kept in the body. They enter your circulation, and everything your body doesn’t require is excreted in your urine. ‌

Water-soluble vitamins must be replaced often since they do not survive long in the body.

Vitamin C, as well as a group of B vitamins, are key water-soluble vitamins, including:

• B1 (thiamin)
• B2 (riboflavin)
• B3 (niacin)
• B4 (pantothenic acid)
• B6 (pyridoxine)
• B7 (biotin)
• B9 (folic acid or folate)
• B12 (cobalamin)

Vitamin Supplements

A good diet rich in fruits and leafy greens should be the main source of these organic compounds. The most up-to-date information is available from the Department of Health and Human Services. This reputable site outlines the best methods for getting enough nutrients from your diet. Fortified foods and supplements, on the other hand, may be advantageous in particular situations, such as during pregnancy, for those on special diets, or for people with certain health conditions. Supplements should not be used in excess of the suggested dosage, since studies have shown that taking too much of any vitamin might create health problems. Vitamin supplements might potentially cause medication interactions. Overall, any supplement should be used only after consulting with a physician.

Conclusion

We, humans, need Vitamins regularly so that our body can keep doing all the life processes and also keep us healthy. Vitamins directly affect our immune system and make it strong. One must include vitamins in their diet for proper growth and a healthy strong body.